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シップリー (722--39) に「固有名詞から生まれた言葉」の一覧がある.以下では,その一覧を参照用に再現する.各表現の故事来歴について詳しくは直接シップリーに,あるいは各種の辞書に当たっていただきたい.とりあえず,このような表現がたくさんあるものだということを示しておきたい.
Adonis
agaric
agate
Alexandrine
Alice blue
America
ammonia
ampere
Ananias
Annie Oakley
aphrodisiac
areopagus
argosy
Argus-eyed
arras
artesian well
astrachan
Atlantic
atlas
babbitt
bacchanals
bakelite
barlett (pear)
battology
bayonet
begonia
bellarmine
bergamask
bison
blanket
bloomers
bobby
bohemian
bowdlerize
bowie
boycott
braille
brie
Brithg's disease
bronze
brougham
Brownian movement
brummagem
bunsen (burner)
Casarean
camembert
cantaloup
cardigan
caryatid
Cassandra
cereal
chalcedony
cherrystone clams
Chippendale
coach
Colombia, Columbia
cologne
colophony
colt
copper
coulomb
cravat
cupidity
currant
daguerreotype
dauphin
derby
diesel (engine)
diddle
doily
dollar
dumdum bullet
Duncan Phyfe
Dundreary (whiskers)
echo
epicurean
ermine
erotic
euhemerism
euphuism
Fabian
Fahrenheit
faience
Fallopian
farad
Ferris (wheel)
fez
forsythia
frankfurter
frieze
galvanize
gamboges
gardenia
gargantuan
gasconade
gauss
gavotte
gibus
Gilbertian
gladstone (bag)
Gobelin
gongorism
Gordian knot
gothite
greengage
Gregorian (calendar/chant)
guillotine
hamburger
havelock
Heaviside layer
hector
helot
henry
hermetically
hiddenite
Hitlerism
Hobson's choice
hyacinth
indigo
iridium
iris
jacinth
Jack Ketch
Jack Tar
jeremiad
jobation
Jonah
joule
jovial
Julian calendear
laconic
lambert
landau
Laputan, Laputian
lavalier
lazar
leather-stocking
Leninism
Leyden jar
lilliputian
limousine
loganberry
Lothario
lyceum
lynch
macadamize
machiavellian
machinaw
mackintosh
magnet
magnolia
malapropism
Malpighian tubes
manil(l)a
mansard roof
marcel
martinet
Marxist
maudlin
mausoleum
maxim (gun)
mayonnaise
mazurka
McIntosh (apple)
Melba toast
Mendelian
mentor
Mercator projection
mercerize
mercurial
meringue
mesmerism
mho
milliner
mnemonic
morphine
morris chair
morris dance
Morse code
negus
nicotine
Nestor
Occam's razor
odyssey
ogre
ohm
Olympian
panama (hat)
panic
parchment
Parthian glance, Parthian shot
pasteurize
peach
peeler
peony
percheron
philippic
pinchbeck
Platonic
Plimsoll line [mark]
poinsettia
polka
polonaise
pompadour
praline
Prince Albert
procrustean
protean
prussic (acid)
Ptolemaic system
Pullman
pyrrhic victory
pyrrhonism
quisling
quixotic
raglan
rhinestone
rodomontade
Roentgen ray
roquefort
Rosetta Stone
Rosicrucian
Salic (law)
Sally Lunn
Samaritan
sandwich
sardine
sardonic
sardonyx
satire
saxophone
scrooge
Seidlitz
sequoia
shanghai
Sheraton
shrapnel
silhouette
simony
sisyphean
socratic
solecism
spaniel
Spencer
spinach
spruce
Stalinism
stentorian
Steve Brodie
sybarite
tabasco
tangerine
tarantella
tarantula
thrasonical
timothy
titanic
tobacco
Trotskyte
trudgen
Vandyke
vaudeville
venery
Victoria
volcano
volt
vulcanize
watt
Wedgwood ware
Wellington (boot)
Winchester rifle
wulfenite
Xant(h)ippe
Zeppelin
場所や人の名前をもとに,その来歴や何らかの特徴を反映した普通名詞が生まれるのは,主に metonymy の作用と考えられる.また,本来は固有の指示対象をもっていたものが,一般的に用いられるようになったという点で,意味の拡大の事例ともいえるだろう.
シップリーの語源に関するリストとしては,ほかに「#1723. シップリーによる2重語一覧」 ([2014-01-14-1]) でも話題にしたので参照を.
・ ジョーゼフ T. シップリー 著,梅田 修・眞方 忠道・穴吹 章子 訳 『シップリー英語語源辞典』 大修館,2009年.
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
最終更新時間: 2024-10-26 09:48
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