hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2024-12-22

■ #5718. ギリシア語由来の主な接尾辞，接頭辞，連結形 [greek][suffix][prefix][lexicology][word_formation][combining_form][morphology][latin][french][loan_word][borrowing]

　Durkin (216--19) にかけて，英語に入ったギリシア語由来の要素が列挙されている．接尾辞 (suffix)，接頭辞 (prefix)，連結形 (combining_form) に分けて，主たるものを列挙しよう．ラテン語やフランス語からの借用語のなかに混じっている要素もあり，究極的にはギリシア語由来であることが気づかれていないものも含まれているのではないか．

［　接尾辞　］

　-on (plural -a), -ter, -terion, -ma/-mat- (adj. -matic), the family of -ize/-ise (-ist/-ast, -ism, -asm), -ite, -ess, -oid, -isk, -(t)ic, -istic(al), -astic(al)

［　接頭辞　］

　a(n)-, amph(i)-, an(a)-, anti-, ap(o)-, cat(a)-/kat(a)-, di(a)-, dys-, a(n)-, end(o)-, exo-, ep(i)-, hyper-, hyp(o)-, met(a)-, par(a)-, peri-, pro-, pros-, syn-/sys-

［　連結形　］

　acro- "high; of the extremities", agath(o)- "good", all(o)- "other, alternate, distinct", arch- "chief; original", argyr(o)- "silver", aut(o)- "self(-induced); spontaneous", bary-/bar(o)- "heavy; low; internal", brachy- "short", brady- "slow", cac(o)- "bad", chlor(o)- "green; chlorine", chrys(o)- "gold; golden-yellow", cry(o)- "freezing; low-temperature", crypt(o)- "secret; concealed", cyan(o)- "blue", dipl(o)- "twofold, double", dolich(o)- "long", erythr(o)- "red", eu- "good, well", glauc(o)- "bluish-green, grey", gluc(o)- "glucose"/glyc(o)- "sugar; glycerol"/glycy- "sweet", gymn(o)- "naked, bare", heter(o)- "other, different", hol(o)- "whole, entire", homeo- "similar; equal", hom(o)- "same", leuc/k(o)- "white", macro- "(abnormally) large", mega- "huge; very large", megal(o)- "large; grandiose" and -megaly "abnormal enlargement", melan(o)- "black; dark-colored; pigmented", mes(o)- "middle", micr(o)- "(very) small", nano- "one thousand-millionth; extremely small", necr(o)- "dead; death", ne(o)- "new; modified; follower", olig(o)- "few; diminished; retardation", orth(o)- "upright; straight; correct", oxy- "sharp, pointed; keen", pachy- "thick", pan(to)- "all", picr(o)- "bitter", platy- "broad, flat", poikil(o)- "variegated; variable", poly- "much, many", proto- "first", pseud(o)- "false", scler(o)- "hard", soph(o)- and -sophy "skilled; wise", tachy- "swift", tel(e)- "(operating) at a distance", tele(o)- "complete; completely developed", therm(o)- "warm, hot", trachy- "rough"

　英語ボキャビルのおともにどうぞ．

　・ Durkin, Philip. Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English. Oxford: OUP, 2014.

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