hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2014-01-15

■ #1724. Skeat による2重語一覧 [doublet][etymology][lexicology]

　昨日の記事「#1723. シップリーによる2重語一覧」 ([2014-01-14-1]) に引き続き，今度は Skeat の語源辞典 (748--51) に掲載されている2重語 (doublet) を一覧しよう．その前に，Skeat (748) の2重語の定義を掲げよう．

Doublets are words which, though apparently differing in form, are nevertheless, from an etymological point of view, one and the same, or only differ in some unimportant suffix. Thus aggrieve is from L. aggrauāre; whilst aggravate, though really from the pp. aggrauātus, is nevertheless used as a verb, precisely as aggrieve is used, though the senses of the words have been differentiated.

　では，以下に645組の2重語一覧を掲げる．（なお，本ブログ右欄に「今日の doublet」コーナーを設けてみました．）

abbreviate	abridge
abet	bet
acajou	cashew
adamant	diamond
adventure	venture
advocate	avouch, avow
aggrieve	aggravate
ait	eyot
alarm	alarum
allocate	allow
ameer	emir, omrah
amiable	amicable
an	one
ancient	ensign
announce	annunciate
ant	emmet
anthem	antiphon
antic	antique
appal	pall
appeal (sb)	peal
appear	peer
appraise	appreciate
apprentice	prentice
aptitude	attitude
arc	arch
army	armada
arrack	rack, raki
asphodel	daffodil
assay	essay
assemble	assimilate
assess	assize (vb)
assoil	absolve
attach	attack
attire	tire, tire
bale	ball
balm	balsam
band	bond
banjo	mandoline
barb	bard
base	basis
bashaw	pasha
baton	batten
bawd	bold
beadle	bedell
beaker	pitcher
beef	cow
beldam	belladonna
bench	bank, bank
benison	benediction
blame	blaspheme
boil	bile
boss	botch
bough	bow
bound	bourn
bower	byre
bowl	bull
box	pyx, bush
brave	bravo
breve	brief
brother	friar
brown	bruin
buff	buffalo
cadence	chance
caitiff	captive
caldron, cauldron	chaldron
caliber	caliver
calumny	challenge
camera	chamber
cancer	canker
cannon	canon
caravan	van
card	chart, carte
case	chase, cash
cask	casque
castigate	chasten
catch	chase
cattle	chattels, capital
cavalier	chevalier
cavalry	chivalry
cess	assess
chaise	chair
chalk	calx
champaign	campaign
channel	canal, kennel
chant	cant
chapiter	capital
charge	cark, cargo
chateau	castle
cheat	escheat
check (sb)	shah
chicory	succory
chief	cape
chieftain	captain
chirurgeon	surgeon
choir	chorus, quire
choler	cholera
chord	cord
chuck	shock, shog
church	kirk
cipher	zero
cist	chest
cithern	guitar, gittern, kit
cive	chive
clause	close (sb)
climate	clime
coffer	coffin
coin	coign, quoin
cole	kail
collect	cull, coil (vb)
collocate	couch
comfit	confect
commend	command
commodore	commander
complacent	complaisant
complete (vb)	comply
compost	composite
comprehend	comprise
compute	count
conduct (sb)	conduit
confound	confuse
construe	construct
convey	convoy
cool	gelid
corn	grain
corn	horn
coronation	carnation
corral	kraal
corsair	hussar
costume	custom
cot	cote
couple (vb)	copulate
coy	quiet, quit, quite
coy	cage
crape	crisp
cream	chrism
crease	crest
crevice	crevasse
crib	cratch
crimson	carmine
crop	coup
crowd	rote
crypt	grot
cud	quid
cue	queue
curari	wourali
curricle	curriculum
curtle-axe	cutlass
cycle	wheel
dace	dart, dare
dainty	dignity
dame	dam, donna, duenna
dan	don, domino
dauphin	dolphin
deck	thatch
defence	fence
defend	fend
delay	dilate
dell	dale
demesne	domain
dent	dint
deploy	display, splay
depot	deposit (sb)
descry	describe
desiderate	desire (vb)
despite	spite
deuce	two
devilish	diabolic
die	dado
direct (vb)	dress
dish	disc, desk, daïs
disport	sport
distain	stain
ditch	dike
ditto	dictum
diurnal	journal
doge	duke
doit	thwaite
dole	deal (sb)
dominion	dungeon
doom	-dom (suffix)
dragon	dragoon
dropsy	hydropsy
due	debt
dune	down
eatable	edible
éclat	slate
elf	oaf, ouphe
élite	elect
emerald	smaragdus
emerods	hemorrhoids
employ	imply, implicate
endow	endue, indue
engine	gin
entire	integer
envious	invidious
escape	scape
eschew	shy (vb)
escutcheon	scutcheon
especial	special
espy	spy
esquire	squire
establish	stablish
estate	state, status
estimate	esteem
estop	stop
estreat	extract
etiquette	ticket
example	ensample, sample
exemplar	sampler
extraneous	strange
fabric	forge (sb)
fact	feat
faculty	facility
fan	van
fancy	fantasy, phantasy
fashion	faction
fat	vat
fauteuil	faldstool
fealty	fidelity
feeble	foible
fell	pell
fester (sb)	fistula
feud	fief, fee
feverfew	febrifuge
fiddle	viol
fife	pipe, peep
finch	spink
finite	fine
fitch	vetch
flag	flake, flaw
flower	flour
flush	flux
foam	spume
font	fount
force	farce
foremost	prime
foster	forester
fragile	frail
fray	affray
fro	from
frounce	flounce
fungus	sponge
furl	fardel
gabble	jabber
gad	ged
gaffer	grandfather
gage	wage
gambado	gambol
game	gammon
gaol	jail
garth	yard
gear	garb
genteel	gentle, gentile
genus	kin
germ	germen
gig	jig
gin	juniper
gird	gride
girdle	girth
glamour	gramarye
grain	corn
granary	garner
grece, grise	grade
guarantee (sb)	warranty
guard	ward
guardian	warden
guest	host
guile	wile
guise	wise
gullet	gully
gust	gusto
guy	guide (sb)
gypsy	Egyptian
hackbut	arquebus
hale	whole
hamper	hanaper
harangue	ring, rank, rink
hash (vb)	hatch
hatchment	achievement
hautboy	oboe
heap	hope
heckle	hackle, hatchel
hemi-	semi-
hent	hint
history	story
hock	hough
hoop	whoop
hospital	hostel, hotel, spital, spittle
hub	hob
human	humane
hyacinth	jacinth
hydra	otter
hyper-	super-
hypo-	sub-
illumine	limn
inapt	inept
inch	ounce
indite	indict
influence	influenza
innocuous	innoxious
invite	vie
invoke	invocate
iota	jot
isolate	insulate
jaggery	sugar
jealous	zealous
jinn	genie
joint	junta, junto
jointure	juncture
jut	jet
jutty	jetty
ketch	catch
label	lapel, lappet
lac	lake
lace	lasso
lair	leaguer
lake	loch, lough
lateen	Latin
launch, lanch	lance (vb)
leal	loyal, legal
lection	lesson
lib	glib
lieu	locus
limb	limbo
limbeck	alembic
lineal	linear
liquor	liqueur
list	lust
load	lode
lobby	lodge
locust	lobster
lone	alone
losel	lorel
lurch	lurk
madam	madonna
major	mayor
male	masculine
malediction	malison
mandate	maundy
mangle	mangonel
manœuvre	manure
march	mark, marque
margin	margent, marge
marish	morass
maul	mall
mauve	mallow
maxim	maximum
mazer	mazzard
mean	mesne, mizen
memory	memoir
mentor	monitor
metal	mettle
milt	milk
minim	minimum
minster	monastery
mint	money
mister	master
mob	mobile, movable
mode	mood
mohair	moire
moment	momentum, movement
monster	muster
morrow	morn
moslem	mussulman
mould	module
munnion	mullion
musket	mosquito
naive	native
naked	nude
name	noun
natron	nitre
naught, nought	not
nausea	noise
neat	net
nias	eyas
noyau	newel
obedience	obeisance
octave	utas
of	off
onion	union
oration	orison
ordinance	ordnance
orpiment	orpine
osprey	ossifrage
otto	attar
ouch	nouch
outer	utter
overplus	surplus
paddle	spatula
paddock	park
pain (vb)	pine
paladin	palatine
pale	pallid, fallow
palette	pallet
paper	papyrus
parade	parry
paradise	parvis
paralysis	palsy
parole	parable, parle, palaver
parson	person
pass	pace
pastel	pastille
pasty	patty
pate	plate
patron	pattern
pause	pose
pawn	pane, vane
paynim	paganism
peer	appear
peise	poise
pelisse	pilch
pellitory	paritory
penance	penitence
peregrine	pilgrim
peruke	periwig, wig
pewter	spelter
phantasm	phantom
piazza	place
pick	peck, pitch (vb)
picket	piquet
piety	pity
pigment	pimento
pike	peak, pick (sb), pique (sb), spike
pippin	pip
pistil	pestle
pistol	pistole
plaintiff	plaintive
plait	pleat, plight
plan	plain, plane, llano
plateau	platter
plum	prune
poignant	pungent
point	punt
poison	potion
poke	pouch
pole	pale, pawl
pomade, pommade	pomatum
pomp	pump
poor	pauper
pope	papa
porch	portico
posy	poesy
potent	puissant
poult	pullet
pounce	punch
pounce	pumice
pound	pond
pound	pun (vb)
power	posse
praise	price
preach	predicate
premier	primero
priest	presbyter
private	privy
probe (sb)	proof
proctor	procurator
prolong	purloin
prosecute	pursue
provide	purvey
provident	prudent
punch	punish
puny	puisne
purl	profile
purpose	propose
purview	proviso
quartern	quadroon
queen	quean
raceme	raisin
rack	wrack, wreck
radix	radish, race, root, wort
raid	road
rail	rally
raise	rear
ramp	romp
ransom	redemption
rapine	ravine, raven
rase	raze
ratio	ration, reason
ray	radius
rayah	ryot
rear-ward	rear-guard
reave	rob
reconnaissance	recognisance
regal	royal, real
relic	relique
renegade	runagate
renew	renovate
reprieve	reprove
residue	residuum
respect	respite
revenge	revindicate
reward	regard
rhomb, rhombus	rumb
ridge	rig
rod	rood
rondeau	roundel
rote	route, rout, rut
round	rotund
rouse	row
rover	robber
sack	sac
sacristan	sexton
saw	saga
saxifrage	sassafras
scabby	shabby
scale	shale
scandal	slander
scar, scaur	share
scarf	scrip, scrap
scatter	shatter
school	shoal, scull
scot(free)	shot
screen	shriek
screed	shred
screw	shrew
scur	scour
scuttle	skillet
sect, sept, set	suite, suit
sennet	signet
separate	sever
sequin	sicca
sergeant, serjeant	servant
settle	sell, saddle
shammy	chamois
shark	search
shawm, shalm	haulm
sheave	shive
shed	shade
shirt	skirt
shrub	sherbet, syrup
shuffle	scuffle
sicker, siker	secure, sure
sine	sinus
sir, sire	senior, seignior, señor, signor
size, size	assise
skewer	shiver
skiff	ship
skirmish	scrimmage, scaramouch
slabber	slaver
sleight	sloid
sleuth	slot
slobber	slubber
sloop	shallop
snivel	snuffle
snub	snuff
soil	sole, sole
soprano	sovereign
sough	surf
soup	sup
souse	sauce
spade	spade
species	spice
spell	spill
spend	dispend
spirit	sprite, spright
spoor	spur
spray	sprig, asparagus
sprit	sprout (sb)
sprout (vb)	spout
spry	spark
squall	squeal
squinancy	quinsy
squire	square
stank	tank
stave	staff
steer	Taurus
still	distil
stock	tuck
stove	stew (sb)
strait	strict
strap	strop
stress	distress
superficies	surface
supersede	surcease
suppliant	supplicant
sweep	swoop
tabor	tambour
tache	tack
taint	attaint
tamper	temper
tarpauling	tar
task	tax
taunt	tempt, tent
tawny	tenny
tease	tose
tee	taw
teind	tithe, tenth
tend	tender
tense	toise
tercel	tassel
thread	thrid
thrill, thirl	drill
tine	tooth
tippet	tape
tit	teat
title	tittle
to	too
ton	tun
tone	tune
tour	turn
tow	tug
town	down
track	trick
tract	trait
tradition	treason
travail	travel
treble	triple
trifle	truffle
tripod	trivet
triumph	trump
troth	truth
tuck	tug
tuck	touch
tulip	turban
tweak	twitch
umbel	umbrella
unity	unit
ure	opera
vade	fade
vair	various
valet	varlet
vantage	advantage
vast	waste
vaward	vanguard
veal	wether
veldt	field
veneer	furnish
venew, veney	venue
verb	word
vermeil	vermillion
vertex	vortex
vervain	verbena
viaticum	voyage
viper	wyvern, wivern
visor	vizard
vizier, visier	alguazil
vocal	vowel
wain	wagon, waggon
wale	weal
wattle	wallet
weet	wit
whirl	warble
wight	whit
wold	weald
yelp	yap

　・ Skeat, Walter William, ed. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910. 1st ed. 1879--82. 2nd ed. 1883.

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