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「#777. 英語史略年表」 ([2011-06-13-1]) では,Crystal 版の英語史略年表を掲載したが,今回は Fennell 版を再現する.Fennell では各章の最初に対象となっている時代に関する年表が載せられており,以下はそれをほぼ忠実に編集したまでで,細かくは整理していない.Fennell の著書の題名から予想されるとおり,社会史的な側面が強く反映されている年表である.
8000 BC | Hunter groups move into Lapland | |
7000 BC | Wheat, barley and pulses cultivated from Anatolia to Pakistan; goats and pigs domesticated | |
7000 BC | Farming developed on Indian subcontinent; barley main crop | |
6500 BC | Adoption of farming in Balkan region; beginning of the European Neolithic spread of domestic animals, probably from Anatolia | |
6200 BC | Farming villages established in the west and central Mediterranean | |
5200 BC | First farmers of central Europe spread northwest as far as the Netherlands | |
4500 BC | Cattle used as plough animals in lower Danube region | |
4500 BC | First megalithic tombs built in western Europe | |
4400 BC | Domestication of horse on Eurasian Steppes | |
4200 BC | Earliest copper mines in eastern Europe | |
4200 BC | Agriculture begins south of the Ganges | |
3800 BC | Ditched enclosures around settlements in western Europe, forming defended villages | |
3500 BC | New faming practices: animals increasingly used for traction, wool and milk; simple plough (ard) now used in northern and western Europe | |
3250 BC | Earliest writing from western Mesopotamia: pictographic clay used for commercial accounts | |
3200 BC | First wheeled vehicles in Europe (found in Hungary) | |
3100 BC | Cuneiform script developed in Mesopotamia | |
3000 BC | Construction of walled citadels in Mediterranean Europe and development of successful metal industry | |
2900 BC | Appearance of Corded Ware pottery in northern Europe | |
2500 BC | Bell beakers found in western Europe, often associated with individual burials | |
2500 BC | Development of urban civilization in the Indian Plain | |
2500 BC | Earliest syllabic script used in Sumerian literature | |
2300 BC | Beginning of full European Bronze Age | |
2000 BC | Fortified settlements in east and central Europe point to increasing social and economic pressures | |
1900 BC | Cretan hieroglyphic writing | |
1850 BC | Horses used for the first time to pull light carts in the western Steppes | |
1650 BC | Linear A script (Crete and the Cyclades) | |
1650 BC | City-states of central Anatolia unified to form the Hittite kingdom with a strongly fortified capital at Boğazköy | |
1400 BC | Linear B script (mainland and islands of Greece) | |
1400 BC | Development of pastoral nomadism on the Steppes: cattle herded from horseback | |
1300 BC | Westward spread of urnfield cemeteries | |
1200 BC | Collapse of Hittite empire | |
1000 BC | Hillforts in Western Europe | |
1000 BC | Full nomadic economy on the Steppes based on rearing horses, cattle and sheep | |
850 BC | First settlement at Rome; cluster of huts on Palatine Hill | |
800 BC | Establishment of culture north and east of Alps --- first stage of Celtic Iron Age (Hallstatt) | |
800 BC | Rise of Etruscan city-states in central Italy | |
800 BC | Rise of cities and states in Ganges Valley supported by rice farming | |
750 BC | First Greek alphabetic inscription | |
750 BC | Ironworking spreads to Britain | |
750 BC | Earliest Greek colonies set up from western Mediterranean to the eastern shores of the Black Sea | |
690 BC | Etruscan script developed from Greek | |
600 BC | Trade between Celts north west of Alps and Greek colonies of the west Mediterranean; rich wagon burials attest to wealth and power of Celtic elite | |
600 BC | Latin script | |
600 BC | Central lowlands of northern Europe first settled | |
600 BC | First Greek coins | |
480 BC | 2nd stage of European Bronze Age (La Tène) | |
480 BC | Emergence of classical period of Greek arts and architecture | |
480 BC | City-states reach height of importance | |
460 BC | Parchment replaces clay tablets for Aramaic administrative documents | |
450 BC | Athens, the greatest Greek city-state, reaches the peak of its power | |
400 BC | Carthage dominates the west Mediterranean | |
390 BC | Celts sack Rome | |
334 BC--329 BC | Alexander the Great invades Asia Minor, conquers Egypt and Persia and reaches India; Hellenism established in Asia | |
331 BC | Alexandria founded | |
250 BC | Brahmin alphabetic script in India | |
250 BC | All of peninsular Italy controlled by Rome | |
206 BC | Rome gains control of Spain | |
146 BC | Romans destroy the Greek states but Greek culture still important and Greek artists brought to Rome | |
146 BC | Roman destruction of Carthage | |
55 BC | Julius Caesar attempts to invade Britain | |
27 BC | Augustus sole ruler of Roman empire | |
43--50 | Emperor Claudius invades Britain | |
50 | Rome largest city in the world --- population 1 million | |
117 | Roman empire reaches its greatest extent | |
125 | Hadrian's Wall built | |
285 | Administrative separation of eastern and western halves of Roman empire | |
313 | Edict of Milan: toleration of Christianity in Roman empire | |
330 | Constantine founds Constantinople as new eastern capital of the Roman empire | |
410 | Sack of Rome by Visigoths leading to collapse of western Roman empire | |
410 | Romans withdraw from Britain | |
429 | German (Vandal) kingdom in north Africa | |
449 | Angles, Saxons and Jutes invade Britain | |
597 | St Augustine introduces Christianity to the English | |
787 | Scandinavian invasions begin | |
793 | Sacking of Lindisfarne | |
878 | King Alfred defeats the Danes at Eddington | |
878 | Treaty of Wedmore | |
899 | King Alfred dies | |
1016 | Danish King Cnut rules England | |
1042 | Accession of Edward the Confessor to the English throne | |
1066 | Battle of Hastings; Norman Conquest | |
1095 | First Crusade | |
1170 | Assassination of Thomas à Becket | |
1204 | King John loses lands in Normandy | |
1259--1265 | The Barons' War | |
1337--1453 | The Hundred Years War | |
1340--1400 | Geoffrey Chaucer | |
1346 | Battle of Crecy | |
1346 | Battle of Poitiers | |
1348--1351 | The Black Death | |
1362 | Parliament opened in English | |
1362 | The Statute of Pleading (English becomes the official language of legal proceedings) | |
1381 | The Peasants' Revolt | |
1415 | Battle of Agincourt | |
1476 | Caxton introduces the printing press | |
1489 | French no longer used as the language of Parliament | |
1509 | Henry VIII ascends the throne | |
1534 | Act of Supremacy | |
1536 | Small monasteries dissolved | |
1536 | Statute incorporates all of Wales with England | |
1539 | English translation of Bible in every church | |
1547 | Edward VI | |
1553 | Mary Tudor | |
1554 | Mary marries Philip of Spain | |
1558 | Elizabeth I | |
1559 | Act of Supremacy restores laws of Henry VIII | |
1574 | First company of actors; theatre building begins | |
1577 | Sir Francis Drake plunders west coast of South America | |
1584 | Colonists at Roanoke | |
1600 | British East India Company founded | |
1600 | Population of England c.2.5 million | |
1603 | James I | |
1605 | Barbados, West Indies, claimed as English colony | |
1606 | Virginia Company of London sends 120 colonists to Virginia | |
1607 | Jamestown, Virginia, is established by London Co. as the first permanent English settlement in America | |
1611 | King James Bible | |
1616 | Death of Shakespeare | |
1620 | The Pilgrims arrive at Plymouth Rock on the Mayflower | |
1621 | English attempt to colonize Newfoundland and Nova Scotia | |
1625 | Charles I | |
1627 | Charles I grants charter to the Guiana Company | |
1633 | English trading post established in Bengal | |
1637 | English traders established in Canton | |
1639 | English established at Madras | |
1642--1646 | Civil War | |
1646 | English occupy the Bahamas | |
1648 | Second Civil War | |
1649 | Cromwell invades Ireland | |
1649 | Charles I beheaded | |
1649 | Charles II | |
1649 | Commonwealth established | |
1653 | Cromwell becomes Lord Protector | |
1655 | English capture Jamaica | |
1660 | Charles II restored to throne | |
1663 | Charles II grants charter to Royal African Company | |
1668 | British East India Company gains control of Bombay | |
1670 | English settlement in Charles Town, later Charleston, South Carolina | |
1680--1689 | Welsh Quakers settle in large numbers in Pennsylvania | |
1680--1689 | First German immigrants in America | |
1684 | Bermudas become Crown Colony | |
1689 | William and Mary proclaimed king and queen in England and Ireland | |
1690 | Calcutta founded | |
1690 | Population of England c.5 million | |
1700 | Population of England and Scotland 7.5 million | |
1707 | Union of England and Scotland as Great Britain | |
1707 | British land in Acadia, Canada | |
1710 | English South Sea Company founded | |
1727 | George II | |
1729 | North and South Carolina become Crown Colonies | |
1729 | Benjamin and James Franklin publish 'The Pennsylvania Gazette' | |
1744 | Robert Clive arrives at Madras | |
1756--1763 | The French and Indian War in North America | |
1759 | British take Quebec from the French | |
1760 | George III | |
1762 | British capture Martinique, Grenada, Havana and Manila | |
1765--1947 | British Raj in India | |
1770 | James Cook discovers Botany Bay, Australia | |
1774 | Parliament passes the Stamp Act, unifying the colonies against the British | |
1775 | The East India, or Tea, Act prompts the Boston Teat Party | |
1775--1783 | American War of Independence | |
1776 | American Declaration of Independence | |
1776 | The Revolutionary War begins | |
1778 | Cook discovers Hawaii | |
1783 | The Treaty of Paris successfully ends the Revolution | |
1783 | British recognize US independence | |
1784 | Pitt's India Act: East India Company under government control | |
1786 | Penang ceded to Great Britain | |
1789 | George Washington inaugurated as first US President | |
1790 | The first penal colony established in Sydney, Australia | |
1795, 1806 | British forces occupy Cape of Good Hope | |
1800 | British capture Malta | |
1803 | The Louisiana Purchase doubles the size of US territory | |
1810 | British seize Guadeloupe | |
1811 | British occupy Java | |
1812--1814 | War of 1812 between the USA and Britain | |
1819 | Florida purchased by the USA from Spain | |
1819 | British settlement established in Singapore by East India Company | |
1822 | English becomes the official language of the Eastern Cape of South Africa | |
1822 | Liberia founded --- Africa's oldest republic | |
1824 | Erie Canal opens, strengthening east-west trade, but increasing the isolation of the south | |
1824 | British take Rangoon, Burma | |
1828 | The Baltimore and Ohio Railway opens | |
1832 | Britain occupies the Falkland Islands | |
1837 | Queen Victoria | |
1837 | The electric telegraph demonstrated by Samuel Morse | |
1840 | New Zealand becomes an official colony | |
1840 | Penny post introduced in Britain | |
1842 | Hong Kong ceded to Great Britain | |
1848 | Gold discovered in California | |
1849 | Gold Rush | |
1851 | Victoria, Australia, proclaimed separate colony | |
1852 | New constitution for New Zealand | |
1858 | Powers of East India Company transferred to British Crown | |
1860 | Kowloon added to British territories in South-East Asia | |
1861 | Civil War begins with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter | |
1861 | British Colony founded in Lagos, Nigeria | |
1863 | Emancipation of the slaves is proclaimed, as of 1 January | |
1865 | General Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox | |
1865 | President Lincoln is assassinated, five days later | |
1867 | Alaska is purchased from Russia, becoming the 49th state in 1959 | |
1867 | Federal Malay States become a Crown Colony | |
1869 | The first transcontinental railroad is completed | |
1876 | Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone | |
1877 | Edison invents the phonograph | |
1878 | David Hughes invents the microphone | |
1879 | London opens its first telephone exchange | |
1884 | Papua New Guinea becomes British protectorate | |
1885 | Britain established protectorate over Northern Bechuanaland, Niger River Region and southern New Guinea, and occupies Port Hamilton, Korea | |
1886 | First Indian National Congress meets | |
1887 | First Colonial Conference opens in London | |
1888 | Cecil Rhodes granted mining rights by King of Matabele | |
1890 | Rhodes becomes Premier of Cape Colony | |
1893 | Uganda united as British protectorate | |
1893 | USA annexes Hawaii | |
1895 | Marconi invents radiotelegraphy | |
1895 | Auguste and Louis Lumière invent the motion-picture camera | |
1895 | British South Africa Company territory south of the Zambezi River becomes Rhodesia | |
1898 | America receives Guam and sovereignty over the Philippines | |
1898 | New Territories leased by Britain from China for 99 years | |
1899 | First magnetic sound recordings | |
1899--1902 | Boer War | |
1900 | R. A. Fessenden transmits the human voice via radio waves | |
1900 | British capture Bloemfontein, relieve Mafeking, annex Orange Free State and Transvaal and take Pretoria and Johannesburg Commonwealth of Australia created | |
1901 | Marconi transmits radiotelegraph messages from Cornwall to New Zealand | |
1901 | End of Queen Victoria's reign | |
1903 | Ford Motor Company founded | |
1903 | Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first successful manned flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina | |
1903 | British conquer northern Nigeria | |
1907 | New Zealand becomes a dominion within the British Empire | |
1908 | Union of South Africa established | |
1908 | Henry Ford introduces the mass-produced Model T | |
1914 | Panama Canal opened | |
1914--1918 | World War I | |
1916 | USA purchases Danish West Indies (Virgin Islands) | |
1917 | USA purchases Dutch West Indies | |
1919 | League of Nations founded | |
1920 | Gandhi emerges as leader of India | |
1920 | Kenya becomes British colony | |
1921 | British Broadcasting Corporation founded | |
1921 | First Indian Parliament meets | |
1924 | The National Origins Act marks the official end of large-scale immigration to America; from this point on numbers are restricted and quotas are introduced | |
1924 | British Imperial Airways founded | |
1925 | John Logie Baird transmits a picture of a human face via television | |
1928 | John Logie Baird demonstrates first colour television | |
1929 | Teleprinters and teletypewriters first used | |
1929 | First scheduled TV broadcasts in Schernectedy, New York | |
1929 | First talking pictures made | |
1936 | BBC London television service begins | |
1938 | Lajos Biró invents the ball-point pen | |
1939--1945 | World War II | |
1942 | First computer developed in the United States | |
1942 | Magnetic recording tape invented | |
1944 | First telegraph line used between Washington and Baltimore | |
1945 | United Nations founded | |
1946 | Chester Carlson invents Xerography | |
1946 | Philippines become independent from the United States | |
1947 | Transistor invented at Bell Laboratories | |
1947 | India proclaimed independent | |
1948 | Peter Goldmark invents the long-playing record | |
1951 | Colour TV introduced into USA (15 million TV sets in USA) | |
1952 | Accession of Queen Elizabeth II | |
1957 | Common Market established by Treaty of Rome | |
1957 | Malaysian independence | |
1958 | First stereophonic recordings | |
1962--1975 | Uganda, Kenya, Zambia (Northern Rhodesia), Malawi, Malta, Gambia, Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Guyana, Mauritius, Nigeria, Bahamas, Papua New Guinea all become independent of Great Britain | |
1965 | Atlantic cable completed | |
1968 | Intelsar communication satellite launched | |
1989 | South Africa desegregated | |
1997 | Hong Kong rule returns to China |
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
最終更新時間: 2024-10-26 09:48
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