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昨日の記事「名前動後の単語一覧」 ([2011-07-10-1]) では現代英語における「名前動後」の語を示したが,一昨日の記事「名前動後の通時的拡大」([2011-07-09-1]) から示唆されるように,現在「名後動後」を示している oxytone の語も今後「名前動後」化してゆく可能性が大いにある.Sherman は,2音節語に限れば215語がその候補として挙げられるとしており,その一覧を示している (実際に数えると213語のみ) .その一覧を以下に再現.
abuse, accord, account, advance, affront, alarm, amount, appeal, approach, array, arrest, assault, assent, assign, attack, attaint, attempt, attire, award, bastille, bespeak, blockade, brigade, brocade, canoe, career, caress, carouse, cartoon, cascade, cashier, chagrin, chicane, collapse, command, compare, conceit, concern, consent, control, croquet, crusade, cuirass, debate, debauch, decay, decease, decline, decree, default, defeat, delay, delight, demand, demean, demise, demur, derout, design, desire, despair, devise, direct, distain, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dislike, dismay, dismount, dispatch, display, dispraise, dispute, disquiet, dissent, dissolve, distress, distrust, disuse, divide, divine, divorce, dragoon, eclipse, effect, embrace, employ, entail, escape, escheat, essoin, estate, esteem, exchange, excuse, exempt, exhaust, express, festoon, finesse, galosh, garage, garotte, guitar, halloo, harpoon, hello, hollo, hurrah, incuse, japan, lament, lampoon, machine, manure, marcel, maroon, massage, misprize, misrule, mistake, mistrust, misuse, neglect, obstruct, parade, parole, patrol, pirouette, police, pomade, pontoon, preserve, profane, ratoon, ravine, rebuff, rebuke, rebus, receipt, recruit, reform, refrain, regale, regard, regret, release, remand, remark, remove, repair, repeal, replay, reply, report, repose, reprieve, reproach, repulse, repute, request, reserve, resist, resolve, resort, respect, respond, result, retard, retort, retouch, retreat, retrieve, return, reveal, revenge, reverse, revert, review, revise, revoke, revolt, revolve, reward, romance, salaam, salute, secure, shampoo, siamese, silhouette, stampede, stockade, supply, support, suppose, surmise, surprise, surround, syringe, taboo, tattoo, tehee, traject, travail, trepan, trephine, trustee, vandyke, veneer, vignette
このリストをそのまま Frequency Sorter に流し込むと,頻度の高い語が多く含まれていることが分かる.上位500語までにランクインする語を拾うと,effect, result, report, police, control, return, support が挙がる.これらもいつの日か「名前動後」の仲間入りを果たすことになるのだろうか.
語彙拡散 (Lexical Diffusion) の観点からは,どの語がいちはやく名前動後化しやすいかという条件を突きとめることが重要となる.接頭辞による区別や,語としてのあるいは品詞ごとの頻度が関与するのかもしれないが,これは今後の調査課題となろう.
・ Sherman, D. "Noun-Verb Stress Alternation: An Example of the Lexical Diffusion of Sound Change in English." Linguistics 159 (1975): 43--71.
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