hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2024-06-02

■ #5515. 中英語の職業一覧（に近いもの） --- Fransson の著書の目次より [onomastics][personal_name][name_project][by-name][occupational_term][me][toc]

　本ブログででは，「名前プロジェクト」 (name_project) の一環として，中英語の職業名ベースの姓について，多くの記事を書いてきた．主に依拠してきた先行研究は Fransson による Middle English Surnames of Occupation 1100--1350 である．20世紀前半の古い研究だが，この分野の研究としては今でも最も充実した文献の1つである．実際，この研究書の目次を再現するだけで，中英語の職業（名）の幅がおおよそ知られるといってよい．Fransson (5--7) を再現してみよう．

Bibliography
Abbreviations
INTRODUCTION
      A. Scope and Aim. Explanatory Notes
      B. A Short Survey of Middle English Surnames
         1. The Rise of Surnames
         2. Surnames in Latin and French
         3. Classification of Surnames
      C. Surnames of Occupation
         1. Surname and Trade. A Comparison
         2. Specialized Trades
         3. Names not Found in NED. Antedating
      D. The Heredity of Surnames
      E. Two Suffixes of Obscure History
         1. The Ending -ester
         2. The Ending -ier
MIDDLE ENGLISH SURNAMES OF OCCUPATION
   Ch. I. DEALERS, TRADERS
      A. Merchant, Dealer
      B. Pedlar, Hawker, Barterer
   Ch. II. MANUFACTURERES OR SELLERS OF PROVISIONS
      A. Miller, Sifter
      B. Corn-Monger, Meal-Monger
      C. Baker, Maker or Seller of Bread
      D. Cook, Sauce-Maker
      E. Maker or Seller of Cheese or Butter
      F. Maker or Seller of Spices, Garlics, Oil
      G. Maker or Seller of Salt, Soap, Candles, Wax
      H. Butcher, Poulterer
      I. Seller of Fish
      J. Brewere, Vintner, Taverner
   Ch. III. CLOTH WORKERS
      A. Manufacturers of Cloth
         1. Flax-Dresser, Comber, Carder
         2. Spinner, Roper
            a. Spinner, Winder and Packer of Wool
            b. Maker of Ropes, Strings, Nets
         3. Weaver or Seller of Cloth
            a. Weaver, Webster
            b. Maker or Seller of Woollen Cloth
            c. Maker or Seller of Linen or Hempen Cloth
            d. Maker or Seller of Silk, Pall, Curtains
            e. Maker of Sacks, Bags, Pouches
            f. Maker of Quilts, Blankets, Mats
            g. Felt-Maker, Worker in Horsehair
         4. Fuller, Teaseler, Shearman
         5. Dyer and Bleacher of Cloth
            a. Dyer, Lister
            b. Dyer with Woad, Cork, Madder
            c. Blacker, Bleacher, Washer
      B. Manufacturers of Clothes
         1. Tailor, Renovator of Old Clothes
         2. Maker of Cowls, Jackets, Pantaloons
         3. Maker or Seller of Hats, Caps, Hoods, Plumes
   Ch. IV. LEATHER WORKERS
      A. Tanner, Skinner, Currier
      B. Saddler, Girdler
      C. Furrier, Glover, Purse-Maker
      D. Maker of Bellows or Bottles
      E. Parchmenter, Bookbinder, Copyist
      F. Shoemaker, Cobbler
   Ch. V. METAL WORKERS
      A. Goldsmith, Gilder
      B. Coiner, Seal-Maker, Engraver
      C. Maker of Clocks
      D. Copper-Smith, Brazier, Bell-Founder
      E. Tinker, Pewterer, Plumber
      F. Blacksmith, Shoeing-Smith
      G. Locksmith, Lorimer
      H. Needler, Nailer, Buckle-Maker
      I. Maker or Furbisher of Armour
      J. Maker of Military Engines, Swords, Knives
      K. Maker of Bows or Arrows
   Ch. VI. WOOD WORKERS
      A. Sawyer, Maker of Laths or Boards
      B. Carpenter, Joiner
      C. Maker of Carts, Wheels, Ploughs
      D. Maker of Ships, Boats, Oars
      E. Maker of Coffers, Boxes, Organs
      F. Turner, Maker of Spoons, Combs, Slays
      G. Cooper, Hooper
      H. Maker of Baskets or Sieves
      I. Maker of Hurdles or Palings
      J. Maker of Spades or Besoms
      K. Maker of Charcoal, Potash, Tinder
   Ch. VII. MASONRY AND ROOFING WORKERS
      A. Mason, Plasterer, Painter
      B. Thatcher, Tiler, Slater
   Ch. VIII. STONE, CROCKERY, AND GLASS WORKERS
      A. Miner, Quarrier, Stone-Cutter
      B. Lime-Burner, Tile-Maker
      C. Potter, Glazier
   Ch. IX. PHYSICIAN, BARBER
      A. Physician, Surgeon, Veterinary
      B. Barber, Blood-Letter
EXCURSUS. TOPONYMICAL SURNAMES
      A. Surnames Ending in -er
      B. Surnames Ending in -man
A list of Compound Surnames
Index of Surnames

　いかがだろうか．網羅的という印象を受けるのではないだろうか．実際にはこれでも抜け落ちているところはあるのだが，まず参照すべき，信頼すべき文献であるという理由は分かるのではないか．

　・ Fransson, G. Middle English Surnames of Occupation 1100--1350, with an Excursus on Toponymical Surnames. Lund Studies in English 3. Lund: Gleerup, 1935.

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