hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2015-04-08

■ #2172. 古英語の副詞節を導く接続詞 [oe][conjunction][preposition][syntax][case]

　Mitchell and Robinson (83--86) より．副詞節を導く接続詞を列挙する．Non-prepositional conjunctions と Prepositional conjunctions に分けられる．まずは前者から．

[ Non-prepositional conjunctions ]

ǣr	"before"
būtan	"but, except that, unless"
gif	"if"
hwonne	"when"
nefne, nemne	"unless"
nū	"now that"
oð	"until"
sam . . . sam	"whether . . . or"
siþþan	"after, since"
swā þæt	"so that"
swelce	"such as"
þā	"when"
þā hwīle þe	"as long as, while"
þanon	"whence"
þǣr	"where"
þæs	"after"
þæt	"that, so that"
þēah	"although"
þenden	"while''
þider	"whither"
þonne	"whenever, when, then"
þȳlǣs (þe)	"lest"

　次に Prepositional conjunctions の一覧．これらは，前置詞の後に þæt の適切な格形が続いて（さらに不変化の subordinating particle þe あるいは不変化の þæt が続くこともある），句全体で接続詞として機能するものである．for を例にとれば，for þǣm, for þam, for þan, for þon, for þy, for þi, for þæm þe, forþan þæt など，諸形が用いられる．

[Prepositional conjunctions]

æfter + dat., inst.	Adv. and conj. "after".
ǣr + dat., inst.	Adv. and conj. "before".
betweox + dat., inst.	Conj. "while".
for + dat., inst.	Adv. "therefore" and Conj. "because, for". For alone as a conj. is late.
mid + dat., inst.	Conj. "while, when".
oþ + acc.	Conj. "up to, until, as far as" defining the temporal or local limit. It appears as oþþe, oþþæt, and oð ðone fyrst ðe "up to the time at which".
tō + dat., inst.	Conj. "to this end, that" introducing clauses of purpose with subj. and of result with ind.
tō + gen.	Conj. "to the extent that, so that".
wiþ + dat., inst.	Conj. lit. "against this, that". It can be translated "so that", "provided that", or "on condition that".

　関連して，後続古英語の前置詞について「#30. 古英語の前置詞と格」 ([2009-05-28-1]) を参照．

　・ Mitchell, Bruce and Fred C. Robinson. A Guide to Old English. 8th ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

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