hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2024-10-22

■ #5657. 迂言的 have got の発達 (1) --- Mond での質問と回答より [periphrasis][have][perfect][participle][grammaticalisation][emode][mond][sobokunagimon][eebo]

　知識共有サービス Mond に寄せられていた「迂言的 have got」に関する素朴な疑問に，先日回答しました．こちらよりお読みください．本当はもっと詳しく調べなければならない問題で，今回はとりあえずの回答だったのですが，これを機に考え始めてみたいと思います．
　最初の一歩は，いつでも OED です．迂言的 have got は，OED の get (v.) の IV の項に，完了形の特殊用法として記述があります．

IV. Specialized uses of the perfect.

   In this use, the perfect and past perfect of get (have got, has got, had got) function as a present and past tense verb, which, owing to its formation, does not enter into further compound forms (perfect and past perfect, progressive, passive, or periphrastic expressions with to do), or have an imperative or infinitive.

   In colloquial, regional, and nonstandard use, omission of auxiliary have is frequent in the uses at this branch (e.g. I got some, you got to): see examples in etymology section. An inflected form gots is also sometimes found in similar use (e.g. I gots some, he gots to), especially in African American usage: see further examples in etymology section.

IV.i. In senses equivalent to those of the present and past tenses of have.

   Often, especially in early use, difficult to distinguish from the dynamic use 'have obtained or acquired'.

IV.i.33.a. transitive. To hold as property, be in possession of, own; to possess as a part, attribute, or characteristic; = have v. I.i

[1600 What a beard hast thou got; thou hast got more haire on thy chinne, then Dobbin my philhorse hase on his taile.
   W. Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice]
1611 The care of conseruing and increasing the goods they haue got, and the feare of loosing that which they enioy.
   J. Maxwell, translation of Treasure of Tranquillity xvii. 144
a1616 Fie, th'art a churle, ye'haue got a humour there Does not become a man.
   W. Shakespeare, Timon of Athens (1623) i.ii.25
c1635 My lady has got a cast of her eye.
   H. Glapthorne, Lady Mother (1959) ii.i.22
1670 They have got..such a peculiar Method of Text-dividing.
   J. Eachard, Grounds Contempt of Clergy 113
. . . .

　have got が本来の動作的な意味を表わすのか，現代風の状態的な意味を表わすのか，特に初期の例については判別しにくいケースがあると述べられてはいますが，17世紀中に頻度を高めていったことは EEBO corpus で調べた限り間違いなさそうです．なぜ，どのような経緯でこの表現が現われ，一般的になっていったのか，深掘りしていく必要があります．

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