hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2024-10-29

■ #5664. 初期近代のジェスチャーへの関心の高まり [gesture][emode][gesture][paralinguistics][history_of_linguistics][latin][lingua_franca][vernacular]

　西洋の初期近代では普遍言語や普遍文字への関心が高まったが，同様の趣旨としてジェスチャー (gesture) へも関心が寄せられるようになった．Kendon (73) によれば，その背景は以下の通り．

The expansion of contacts between Europeans and peoples of other lands, especially in the New World, led to an enhanced awareness of the diversity of spoken languages, and because explorers and missionaries had reported successful communication by gesture, the idea rose that gesture could form the basis of a universal language. The idea of a universal language that could overcome the divisions between peoples brought about by differences in spoken languages was longstanding. However, interest in it became widespread, especially in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in part because, as Latin began to be replaced with vernaculars, the need for a new lingua franca was felt. There were philosophical and political reasons as well, and there developed the idea that a language should be created whose meanings were fixed, which could be written or expressed in forms that would be comprehensible, regardless of a person's spoken language. The idea that humans share a 'universal language of the hands,' mentioned by Quintilian, was taken up afresh by Bonifaccio. In his L'arte dei cenni ('The art of signs') of 1616 (perhaps the first book ever published to be devoted entirely to bodily expression) . . . , he hoped that his promotion of the 'mute eloquence' of bodily signs would contribute to the restoration of the natural language of the body, given to all mankind by God, and so overcome the divisions created by the artificialities of spoken languages.

　西洋の初期近代におけるジェスチャーへの関心は，新世界での見知らぬ諸言語との接触，リンガフランカとしてのラテン語の衰退，哲学的・政治的な観点からの普遍言語への関心，「自然な肉体言語」の再評価などに裏付けられていたという解説だ．関連して「#5128. 17世紀の普遍文字への関心はラテン語の威信の衰退が一因」 ([2023-05-12-1]) の議論も思い出される．

　・ Kendon, Adam. "History of the Study of Gesture." Chapter 3 of The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Ed. Keith Allan. Oxford: OUP, 2013. 71--89.

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