hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2024-08-05

■ #5579. 間投詞とは何か？ [interjection][parts_of_speech][category][exclamation][syntax][onomatopoeia][terminology][exclamation][pragmatics][syntax]

　間投詞 (interjection) というマイナーな品詞は，おおよそ統語規則に縛られない唯一の語類ということで，どこか自由な魅力がある．定期的に惹かれ，この話題を取り上げてきた気がする．過去の記事としては「#3689. 英語の間投詞」 ([2019-06-03-1])，「#3712. 英語の間投詞 (2)」 ([2019-06-26-1])，「#3688. 日本語の感動詞の分類」 ([2019-06-02-1]) などを参照されたい．
　今回は Crystal, McArthur, Bussmann の各々の用語辞典で interjection を引いてみた．

interjection (n.) A term used in the TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION of PARTS OF SPEECH, referring to a CLASS of WORDs which are UNPRODUCTIVE, do not enter into SYNTACTIC relationships with other classes, and whose FUNCTION is purely EMOTIVE, e.g., Yuk!, Strewth!, Blast!, Tut tut! There is an unclear boundary between these ITEMS and other types of EXCLAMATION, where some REFERENTIAL MEANING may be involved, and where there may be more than one word, e.g. Excellent!, Lucky devil!, Cheers!, Well well! Several alternative ways of analysing these items have been suggested, using such notions as MINOR SENTENCE, FORMULAIC LANGUAGE, etc. (Crystal)

INTERJECTION [15c: through French from Latin interiectio/interiectionis something thrown in]. A part of speech and a term often used in dictionaries for marginal items functioning alone and not as conventional elements of sentence structure. They are sometimes emotive and situational: oops, expressing surprise, often at something mildly embarrassing, yuk/yuck, usually with a grimace and expressing disgust, ow, ouch, expressing pain, wow, expressing admiration and wonder, sometimes mixed with surprise. They sometimes use sounds outside the normal range of a language: for example, the sounds represented as ugh, whew, tut-tut/tsk-tsk. The spelling of ugh has produced a variant of the original, pronounced ugg. Such greetings as Hello, Hi, Goodbye and such exclamations as Cheers, Hurra, Well are also interjections. (McArthur)

interjection [Lat. intericere 'to throw between']
Group of words which express feelings, curse, and wishes or are used to initiate conversation (Ouch!, Darn!, Hi!). Their status as a grammatical category is debatable, as they behave strangely in respect to morphology, syntax, and semantics: they are formally indeclinable, stand outside the syntactic frame, and have no lexical meaning, strictly speaking. Interjections often have onomatopoeic characteristics: Brrrrr!, Whoops!, Pow! (Bussmann)

　他の用語辞典も引き比べているところである．あまり注目されることのない間投詞の魅力に迫っていきたい．

　・ Crystal, David, ed. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008. 295--96.
　・ McArthur, Tom, ed. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: OUP, 1992.
　・ Bussmann, Hadumod. Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Trans. and ed. Gregory Trauth and Kerstin Kazzizi. London: Routledge, 1996.

[ 固定リンク | 印刷用ページ ]