英語の英米差については ame_bre ほか，多くの記事で触れてきた．文法と綴字については「#312. 文法の英米差」 ([2010-03-05-1]) と「#244. 綴字の英米差のリスト」 ([2009-12-27-1]) で少しくまとめたが，今回は主として発音と語彙における変異について，Schmitt and Marsden (185--92) に従って一覧したい．言うまでもなく，英米差というときには，標準アメリカ英語と標準イギリス英語の変異を念頭に置いている．
1. Pronunciation
・ Words spelled with the vowel a: /æ/ for AmE and /ɑː/ for BrE as in bath, class, last, mask, past, rather.
・ Words spelled with -er: /əː/ for AmE and /ɑː/ for BrE as in clerk, Derby (see 「#211. spelling pronunciation」 ([2009-11-24-1]))
・ Words ending with -ile: /(ə)l/ for AmE and /aɪl/ for BrE as in agile, docile, fertile, missile
・ Words spelled alike but typically pronounced differently (z については「#964. z の文字の発音 (1)」 ([2011-12-17-1]) および「#965. z の文字の発音 (2)」 ([2011-12-18-1]) を参照）
| Word | AmE | BrE |
|---|
| asthma | /ˈæzma/ | /ˈæsma/ |
| clique | /klɪk/ | /kliːk/ |
| vase | /veɪs/ | /vɑːz/ |
| schedule | /ˈskɛʤəl/ | /ˈʃɛdjuːl/ |
| leisure | /ˈliːʒəː/ | /ˈlɛʒəː/ |
| lieutenant | /luːˈtɛnənt/ | /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ |
| z (the letter) | /ziː/ | /zɛd/ |
| tomato | /tʌˈmeɪtəʊ/ | /tʌˈmɑːtəʊ/ |
2. Word Stress
・ Words derived from French （
garage については「#1318. 言語において保守的とは何か？」 (
[2012-12-05-1]) を参照)
| AmE | BrE |
|---|
| balLET | BALlet |
| blaSÉ | BLAse |
| bufFET | BUFfet |
| garAGE | GARage |
| perFUME | PERfume |
| debuTANTE | DEButante |
| vaLET | VAlet |
・ Three- and four-syllable words
| AmE | BrE |
|---|
| comPOSite | COMposite |
| subALtern | SUBaltern |
| arIStocrat | ARistocrat |
| priMARily | PRImarily |
・ Words ending in -
ary, -
ery, -
ory and -
mony
| Word | AmE | BrE |
|---|
| military | /ˈmɪləˌtɛri/ | /ˈmɪlɪtri/ |
| arbitrary | /ˈərbəˌtrɛri/ | /ˈɑːbɪtri/ |
| cemetery | /ˈsɛməˌtɛri/ | /ˈsɛmətri/ |
| monastery | /ˈmɒnəsˌtɛri/ | /ˈmɒnəstri/ |
| mandatory | /ˈmændəˌtɔri/ | /ˈmændətri/ |
| category | /ˈkætəˌgɔri/ | /ˈkætəgri/ |
| testimony | /ˈtɛstəˌməʊni/ | /ˈtɛstəməni/ |
| matrimony | /ˈmætrəˌməʊni/ | /ˈmætrɪməni/ |
・ Days of the week
| Word | AmE | BrE |
|---|
| Sunday | /ˈsʌndɛɪ/ | /ˈsʌndi/ |
| Monday | /ˈmʌndɛɪ/ | /ˈmʌndi/ |
| Tuesday | /ˈˈtuːzdɛɪ/ | /ˈtjuːzdi/ |
| Thursday | /ˈθəːzdɛɪ/ | /ˈθəːzdi/ |
| Friday | /ˈfraɪdɛɪ/ | /ˈfraɪdi/ |
| Saturday | /ˈsætəːdɛɪ/ | /ˈsætəːdi/ |
・ Place-names
| Name | AmE | BrE |
|---|
| Lancaster | /ˈlæŋˌkæstər/ | /ˈlæŋkəstə/ |
| Rochester | /ˈrɒʧɛstər/ | /ˈrɒʧəstə/ |
| Worcester | /ˈwʊəsɛstər/ | /ˈwʊstə/ |
| Nottingham | /ˈnɒtɪŋˌhæm/ | /ˈnɒtɪŋəm/ |
| Birmingham | /ˈbəːmɪŋˌhæm/ | /ˈbəːmɪŋəm/ |
・ Verbs ending in -
ate （「#1242. -
ate 動詞の強勢移行」 (
[2012-09-20-1]) を参照）
| AmE | BrE |
|---|
| DICtate | dicTATE |
| FIXate | fixATE |
| ROtate | roTATE |
| VIbrate | vibRATE |
・ Miscellaneous word-stress differences （「#321. controversy over
controversy」 (
[2010-03-14-1]) を参照）
| Word | AmE | BrE |
|---|
| advertisement | /ˈædvəːˌtaɪzmənt/ | /ædˈvəːtəzmənt/ |
| controversy | /ˈkɒntrəˌvəːsi/ | /kɒnˈtrɒvəsi/ |
| corollary | /ˈkʊrəˌlɛri/ | /kɒˈrɒləri/ |
| inquiry | /ˈɪnkwəri/ | /ɪnˈkwaɪri/ |
| laboratory | /ˈlæbrəˌtʊəri/ | /ləˈbɒrətri/ |
3. Vocabulary （「#1331. 語彙の英米差を整理するための術語」 (
[2012-12-18-1]) を参照)
・ synonymic variables
| AmE | BrE |
|---|
| railroad | railway |
| engineer | driver |
| conductor | guard |
| baggage | luggage |
| truck | lorry |
| hood (car) | bonnet |
| trunk (car) | boot |
| fender (car) | bumper |
| gasoline | petrol |
| subway | underground |
| counterclockwise | anticlockwise |
| thumbtack | drawing pin |
| flashlight | torch |
| elevator | lift |
| apartment | flat |
| mail | post |
| vacation | holiday |
| garbage can | dustbin |
| bar | pub |
| druggist | chemist |
| French fries | chips |
| potato chips | crisps |
| cookie | biscuit |
| trailer | caravan |
| round-trip ticket | return ticket |
| one-way ticket | single ticket |
・ lexical classes of variables
| AmE | BrE |
|---|
| underwear | pants |
| pants | trousers |
| vest | waistcoat |
| diaper | nappy |
| first floor | ground floor |
| second floor | first floor |
| sidewalk | pavement |
| pavement | road |
4. Idioms
| AmE | BrE |
|---|
| a home away from home | a home from home |
| leave well enough alone | leave well alone |
| sweep under the rug | sweep under the carpet |
5. Grammar
・ Prepositions
| AmE | BrE |
|---|
| on a street | in a street |
| fill out a form | fill in a form |
| check out something | chuck up on something |
| on the weekend | at the weekend |
| of two minds | in two minds |
| to all tastes | for all tastes |
・ Definite article
| AmE | BrE |
|---|
| in the hospital | in hospital |
| in the future | in future |
| go to the university | go to university |
・ Schmitt, Norbert, and Richard Marsden.
Why Is English Like That? Ann Arbor, Mich.: U of Michigan P, 2006.
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