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近年の言語変化の研究では,言語変化の過程を「見えざる手」 (invisible_hand) の原理により説明しようとする Keller の試みが知られるようになってきた.本ブログでも,「#8. 交通渋滞と言語変化」 ([2009-05-07-1]),「#1549. Why does language change? or Why do speakers change their language?」 ([2013-07-24-1]),「#1979. 言語変化の目的論について再考」 ([2014-09-27-1]),「#2298. Language changes, speaker innovates.」 ([2015-08-12-1]) などの記事で扱ってきた.
Keller (123) が図示している "invisible-hand explanation" に,説明上少し手を加えたものを下に掲載しよう.
(micro level) (macro level) ┌────────────┐ intentional causal ┌────────────┐ │ │ actions ┌─────┐ consequence │ │ │ ○ ○ │ ───────→ │ │ ───────→ │ │ │ \│/ \│/ │ │invisible-│ │ │ │ │ ○ │ │ ───────→ │ hand │ ───────→ │ explanandum │ │ / \ \│/ / \ │ │ process │ │ │ │ │ │ ───────→ │ │ ───────→ │ │ │ / \ │ └─────┘ │ │ └────────────┘ └────────────┘ ecological conditions
An invisible-hand explanation consists --- ideally --- of three levels:
(a) The depiction of the personal motives, intentions, goals, convictions, and so forth, which form the basis of the individual actions: the nature of the speaker's language and the world he lives in, as far as they are relevant for the speaker's choice of action and his choice of linguistic means.
(b) The depiction of the process that explains the generation of structure by the multitude of individual actions. This process is called the invisible-hand process.
(c) The depiction of the generated structure.
この「見えざる手」による説明は,先日「#2531. 言語変化の "spaghetti junction"」 ([2016-04-01-1]) と「#2533. 言語変化の "spaghetti junction" (2)」 ([2016-04-03-1]) で話題にした spaghetti_junction の説とも関係がありそうである.
・ Keller, Rudi. "Invisible-Hand Theory and Language Evolution." Lingua 77 (1989): 113--27.
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