hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2018-10-06

■ #3449. Chaucer 関連年表 [chaucer][timeline]

　Fisher and Allen の見返しにある "A Chaucer Chronology" を再現する．Chaucer が公職で最も忙しかった時期に，創作活動が活発化しているということがわかる．1380年代?1390年代が，The Canterbury Tales の執筆を含む，最も脂ののった時期である．

1327	Edward III crowned, age 14.
1328	Edward marries Philippa of Hainault; Sir Paon de Roet in her entourage.
1330	Birth of Edward, the Black Prince.
1331	England at war with Scotland; France intervenes on behalf of Scotland.
1338	Unsuccessful invasion of northern France (beginning of Hundred Years' War); John Chaucer (Geoffrey's father) in the King's company.
1340	(?)Birth of Geoffrey Chaucer. Birth of John of Gaunt. Edward III takes title "King of France"
1346	Battle of Crécy
1348	Black Death
1356	Battle of Poitiers; high point of England's success in the wars with France.
1357	First record of Chaucer: in household of Countess of Ulster, wife of Prince Lionel. Philippa Pan' also in household.
1359	May: (?) Chaucer at wedding of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster. Gaunt becomes Duke of Lancaster. After November 3: Chaucer in French war in Prince Lionel's company.
1360	Chaucer captured and ransomed by the King.
1361	Black Prince marries Joan of Kent. (?) Chaucer at Inns of Chancery.	Prier a Nostre Dame; Romaunt of the Rose; early Complaints (--1367)
1363	Death of Countess of Ulster. (?) Philippa Pan' enters service of Queen Philippa. (?) Chaucer at Inns of Court.
1366	February 22--May 24: safe conduct for Chaucer to travel in Spain. Philippa Chaucer (so designated) granted royal annuity of 10 marks.
1367	Geoffrey Chaucer granted royal annuity of of 20 marks. Chaucer enters the King's service.
1368	Death of Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster. French war active. Chaucer on mission in France.	Book of the Duchess (--1369)
1369	Chaucer with Gaunt in raid on Picardy. Death of Queen Philippa. (?) Philippa Chaucer enters Gaunt's household.
1370	June 20--September 29: Chaucer on mission in France, (?) with Gaunt in Aquitaine.
1371	Gaunt marries Princess Costanza of Castile.
1372	Katherine Swynford, sister of Philippa Chaucer, bears first son by Gaunt. August 30: Gaunt grants Philippa Chaucer annuity of ?10. December 1: Chaucer leaves for Genoa, visits Florence. (Boccaccio in Florence; Petrarch in Padua.)	Parliament of Fowls; St. Cecilia; Monk's tragedies; Anelida (--1377)
1373	May 23: Chaucer returns to London. (?) Birth of Thomas Chaucer. July 13: Gaunt goes to French wars.
1374	April 10: Gaunt returns from French wars. April 23: Chaucer receives a royal grant of a pitcher of wine daily. May 10: Chaucer leases Aldgate house and sets up housekeeping. June 8: Chaucer made controller of customs. June 13: Geoffrey and Philippa receive ?10 annuity from Gaunt.
1376	Death of Black Prince. Chaucer on mission to Calais.
1377	February 17, April 30: Chaucer on missions in France concerning peace treaty and marriage of Richard. June 22: death of Edward III and accession of his grandson, Richard II, age 10. Government controlled by Gaunt.
1378	January 16--March 9: Chaucer in France concerning marriage of Richard to French king's daughter Marie. April 18: daily pitcher of wine replaced by annuity of 20 marks. May 28--September 19: Chaucer in Lombardy to treat with Barnado Visconti (Gower given Chaucer's power of attorney).	House of Fame; Boece; Boethian balades; Palamon and Arcite (--1381)
1380	May 1: Chaucer released from suit for "raptus" of Cecily Champain. (?) Birth of Lewis Chaucer.
1381	Peasants' Revolt. June 19: deed of Geoffrey Chaucer, son of John Chaucer, vintner of London, quitclaiming his father's house.
1382	Richard II marries Anne of Bohemia.	Troylus and Criseyde; Legend of Good Women (--1386)
1383	Chaucer obtains first loan against his annuity.
1385	October 12: Chaucer appointed justice of the peace in Kent. Political struggle between Gaunt and his brother, Thomas of Woodstock. September: death of Joan of Kent.
1386	Justice of peace reaffirmed. February 19: Philippa admitted to fraternity of Lincoln Cathedral. August: Chaucer elected member of parliament from Kent. October 5: Aldgate house rented to Richard Forester. October 15: Scrope-Grosvenor trial. December 4: Adam Yardley appointed controller of customs.	Canterbury Prologue; early Tales (Knight, Part VII) (--1387)
1387	June 18: last payment of annuity of Philippa Chaucer.
1388	May 1: Chaucer surrenders his royal annuities to John Scalby of Lincolnshire.	Fabliaux (Miller, Reeve) (--1389)
1389	King Richard assumes power. Chaucer appointed clerk of the King's works (more than ?30 a year).
1390	Commissions to repair St. George's Chapel, Windsor; to oversee repairs on the lower Thames sewers and conduits; to build bleachers for jousts at Smithfield, etc. The three robberies. Chaucer appointed subforester of North Petherton, Somerset.	Marriage group (Wife of Bath, Friar, Summoner, Merchant, Clerk, Franklin); Astrolabe; Equatorie (--1394)
1391	June 17: another clerk of the works appointed.
1393	Chaucer granted a gift of ?10 from Richard for services rendered "in this year now present."
1394	Death of Queen Anne. Chaucer granted a new annuity of ?20.
1395	Richard marries Isabella of France. Thomas Chaucer marries heiress Maud Burghersh.
1396	John of Gaunt marries Katherine Swynford.	Balades to Scogan, Bukton (--1399)
1398	Chaucer borrows against his annuity; action for debt against Chaucer; letters of protection from the King.
1399	Deposition of Richard II. Election of Henry IV. Death of John of Gaunt. October 13: on his coronation day, Henry doubles Chaucer's annuity. December 24: Chaucer signs 53-year lease for tenement in the garden of the Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
1400	September 29: last record of Chaucer: quittance given by him for a tun of wine received. October 25: date of Chaucer's death on tombstone in Westminster Abbey (erected in 1556)

　・ Fisher, John H. and Mark Allen, eds. The Complete Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.

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