01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
西ゲルマン語の時代から古英語,中英語を経て近代英語に至るまでの英語の母音の歴史をざっとまとめた一覧が欲しいと思ったので,主要な質的・量的変化をまとめてみた.以下の表は,Görlach (48--49) の母音の質と量に関する変化の略年表をドッキングしたものである.
Period | Quantity | Quality | ||
Rule | Examples | Rule | Examples | |
WGmc--OE | ai > ā, au > ēa, ā > ǣ/ē, a > æ | stān, ēage, dǣd, dæg cf. Ge Stein, Auge, Tat, Tag | ||
7--9th c. | compensatory lengthening | *sehan > sēon "see", mearh, gen. mēares "mare" | ||
9--10th c. | lengthening of before esp. [-ld, -mb, -nd] | fēld, gōld, wāmb, fīnd, but ealdrum | ||
shortening before double (long) consonants | wĭsdom, clæ̆nsian, cĭdde, mĕtton | |||
shortening in the first syllable of trisyllabic words | hăligdæg, hæ̆ringas, wĭtega | |||
OE--ME | shortening in unstressed syllables | wisdŏm, stigrăp | monophthongization of all OE diphthongs | OE dēad, heard, frēond, heorte, giefan > ME [dɛːd, hard, frœːnd, hœrtə, jivən] |
12th c. | [ɣ > w] and vocalization of [w] and [j]; emergence of new diphthongs | OE dagas, boga, dæg, weg > ME [dauəs, bouə, dai, wei] | ||
southern rounding of [aː > ɔː] | OE hāl(ig) > ME hool(y) [ɔː] | |||
12--14th c. | unrounding of œ(ː), y(ː) progressing from east to west | ME [frɛːnd, hertə, miːs, fillen] | ||
13th c. | lengthening in open syllables of bisyllabic words | nāme, nōse, mēte (week, door) | ||
15th c. GVS and 16--17th century consequences | ||||
esp. 15--16th c. | shortening in monosyllabic words | dead, death, deaf, hot, cloth, flood, good | ||
18th c. | lengthening before voiceless fricatives and [r] | glass, bath, car, servant, before |
2024 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2023 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2022 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2021 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2020 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2019 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2018 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2017 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2016 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2015 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2014 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2013 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2012 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2011 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2010 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
2009 : 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
最終更新時間: 2024-10-26 09:48
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