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昨日の記事「#1735. カナダ州名の由来」 ([2014-01-26-1]) に続いて,今回はイギリスの州 (county, shire) の名前の起源について.まずは,州境の入った地図を掲げたい.Ordnance Survey - Outline maps より入手した,1972--1996年の旧州名の入った地図である.下図をクリックして拡大 (65KB) ,あるいはさらなる拡大版 (260KB),あるいはPDF版 (243KB) を参照しながらどうぞ.
以下の州名の由来は,Crystal (143) にもとづく.Western Isles, Highland, Central, Borders など,自明のものは省略してある.当然ながらケルト諸語に由来する州名が多い.
Avon | "river" |
Bedford | "Beda's ford" |
Berkshire | "county of the wood of Barroc" ("hilly place") |
Buckingham | "riverside land of Bucca's people" |
Cambridge | "bridge over the river Granta" |
Cheshire | "county of Chester" (Roman "fort") |
Cleveland | "hilly land" |
Clwyd | "hurdle" (? on river) |
Cornwall | "(territory of) Britons of the Cornovii" ("promontory people") |
Cumbria | "territory of the Welsh" |
Derby | "village where there are deer" |
Devon | "(territory of) the Dumnonii" ("the deep ones", probably miners) |
Dorset | "(territory of the) settlers around Dorn" ("Dorchester") |
Dumfries and Galloway | "woodland stronghold"; "(territory of) the stranger-Gaels" |
Durham | "island with a hill" |
Dyfed | "(territory of) the Demetae" |
Essex | "(territory of) the East Saxons" |
Fife | "territory of Vip" (?) |
Glamorgan | "(Prince) Morgan's shore" |
Gloucester | "(Roman) fort at Glevum" ("bright place") |
Grampian | unknown origin |
Gwent | "favoured place" |
Gwynedd | "(territory of) Cunedda" (5th-century leader) |
Hampshire | "county of Southampton" ("southern home farm") |
Hereford and Worcester | "army ford"; "(Roman) fort of the Wigora" |
Hertford | "hart ford" |
Humberside | "side of the good river" |
Kent | "land on the border" (?) |
Lancashire | "(Roman) fort on the Lune" ("health-giving river") |
Leicester | "(Roman) fort of the Ligore people" |
Lincoln | "(Roman) colony at Lindo" ("lake place") |
London | "(territory of) Londinos" ("the bold one") (?) |
Lothian | "(territory of) Leudonus" |
Man | "land of Mananan" (an Irish god) |
Manchester | "(Roman) fort at Mamucium" |
Merseyside | "(side of the) boundary river" |
Norfolk | "northern people" |
Northampton | "northern home farm" |
Northumberland | "land of those dwelling north of the Humber" |
Nottingham | "homestead of Snot's people" |
Orkney | "whale island" (?) (After J. Field, 1980) |
Oxford | "ford used by oxen" |
Powys | "provincial place" |
Scilly | unknown origin |
Shetland | "hilt land" |
Shropshire | "county of Shrewsbury" ("fortified place of the scrubland region") |
Somerset | "(territory of the) settlers around Somerton" ("summer dwelling") |
Stafford | "ford beside a landing-place" |
Strathclyde | "valley of the Clyde" (the "cleansing one") |
Suffolk | "southern people" |
Surrey | "southern district" |
Sussex | "(territory of) the South Saxons" |
Tayside | "silent river" or "powerful river" |
Tyne and Wear | "water, river"; "river" |
Warwick | "dwellings by a weir" |
Wight | "place of the division" (of the sea) (?) |
Wiltshire | "county around Wilton" ("farm on the river Wylie") |
Yorkshire | "place of Eburos" |
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