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2017-03-06 Mon

■ #2870. 古英語の諸方言で書かれたテキストの分布 [oe_dialect]

　古英語の方言事情については，「#1433. 10世紀以前の古英語テキストの分布」 ([2013-03-30-1])，「#2868. いかにして古英語諸方言が生まれたか」 ([2017-03-04-1]) で話題にしてきた．今回は，Crowley (102) のリストに従って，(1) 成立年代が分かっており，(2) 方言のおよそ定まった，(3) 言語的にも一貫した古英語テキストの一覧を再現しておきたい．

Abbreviated Title Content Date Where Written

NORTHUMBRIAN

RuthCr Ruthwell Cross inscription: about 320 runes S. VIII¹ Dumfrieshire, NW

HENames OE Names in Bed's Historica (MSS. Moore, Leningrad, Cott. Tib. A.xiv): 5000-6000 personal or place names VIII Moore: Northumbria (Wright 1964); Len & Tib.: Wearmouth-Jarrow (Lowe 1958)

Cæd Cædmon's Hymn (Moore, Leningrad MSS. of Bede's HE) VIII¹ or VIII^m M: Northumbria; L: Wearmouth-Jarrow

Ru² Owun's gloss to Luke and most of Mark and John in the Rushworth Gospels X² probably Yorkshire WR

Li Gloss to the gosepels (Lindisfarne Gospels) X² Durhamshire

RitGl Gloss to the Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis X² Durhamshire

MERCIAN

Charters 47, 48 in Sweet's Oldest English Texts Prose and names (While Chs. are relatively skimpy, they are the best localized witnesses of Mercian.) 47: c. 836 Mercia; 48: c. 840 Mercia

WEST SAXON (While the first three witnesses below are not so linguistically consistent as the Late West Saxon ones that follow, they are nonetheless the principal witnesses of Early West Saxon.)

CP (C), CP (H) The two earliest mss of Alfred's translation of the Cura Pastoralis 890--7 Wessex

Chron (A) The OE Chronicle in the Parker MS., folios 1--25^v c. 900; c. 925 Winchester (Parkes 1976)

Or(L) OE translation of Orosius in the Lauderdale MS. X¹ Winchester (Ker)

BenR(O) OE Rule of St. Benedict X² probably Winchester (Gretsch 1974: 133)

ÆCHom(A) The Royal MS. of Ælfric's Catholic Homilies 990 Cerne Abbas, Dorset. Emended by Ælfric himself. (Eliason & Clemoes 1966)

ÆCHom(K) The Catholic Homilies in MS. Cambr. Univ. Lib. Gg 3.28 X/XI unknown, but the text shows marks of Ælfric's supervision (Sisam 1953: 178)

ÆCHom(Q) Homilies in MS. Corp. Chr. Col., Cambr. 188 XI¹ "

Chron(B, C) Two mass of the OE Chronicle B: X²; C: XI^m, XI² Abingdon, Berkshire; Abingdon, Berkshire

Or(C) OE Orosius XI¹ Abingdon, Berkshire

WS(O, A) West Saxon Gospels O: c.1000; A: XI² Wessex (Bath?); Wessex (Exeter)

KENTISH none

　非ウェスト・サクソン方言が含まれている韻文テキストは少なくないが，ほとんどが諸方言の混交であり，方言確定の助けにはならない．リストには挙げられてないが，Northumbria 方言より Franks Casket inscription, Bede's Death Song, the Leiden Riddle, また Mercia 方言より the Corpus, Epinal, Erfurt glossaries, the Vespasian Psalter gloss も言語的には一貫しているが，いずれも場所の特定がなされておらず，証拠としては心許ない．上記 (1), (2), (3) の3条件を満たす非ウェスト・サクソン方言で書かれたテキストがいかに少ないか，このリストから分かるだろう．
　年代と方言によるテキストの分布図を示すと，次のようになる（Crowley, p. 103 の図より）．"X" はおよそ3条件を満たすテキスト，"s" は完全に条件は満たさないが補助的に利用できるテキストである．

Abbreviated Title	Content	Date	Where Written
NORTHUMBRIAN
RuthCr	Ruthwell Cross inscription: about 320 runes	S. VIII¹	Dumfrieshire, NW
HENames	OE Names in Bed's Historica (MSS. Moore, Leningrad, Cott. Tib. A.xiv): 5000-6000 personal or place names	VIII	Moore: Northumbria (Wright 1964); Len & Tib.: Wearmouth-Jarrow (Lowe 1958)
Cæd	Cædmon's Hymn (Moore, Leningrad MSS. of Bede's HE)	VIII¹ or VIII^m	M: Northumbria; L: Wearmouth-Jarrow
Ru²	Owun's gloss to Luke and most of Mark and John in the Rushworth Gospels	X²	probably Yorkshire WR
Li	Gloss to the gosepels (Lindisfarne Gospels)	X²	Durhamshire
RitGl	Gloss to the Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis	X²	Durhamshire
MERCIAN
Charters 47, 48 in Sweet's Oldest English Texts	Prose and names (While Chs. are relatively skimpy, they are the best localized witnesses of Mercian.)	47: c. 836 Mercia; 48: c. 840	Mercia
WEST SAXON (While the first three witnesses below are not so linguistically consistent as the Late West Saxon ones that follow, they are nonetheless the principal witnesses of Early West Saxon.)
CP (C), CP (H)	The two earliest mss of Alfred's translation of the Cura Pastoralis	890--7	Wessex
Chron (A)	The OE Chronicle in the Parker MS., folios 1--25^v	c. 900; c. 925	Winchester (Parkes 1976)
Or(L)	OE translation of Orosius in the Lauderdale MS.	X¹	Winchester (Ker)
BenR(O)	OE Rule of St. Benedict	X²	probably Winchester (Gretsch 1974: 133)
ÆCHom(A)	The Royal MS. of Ælfric's Catholic Homilies	990	Cerne Abbas, Dorset. Emended by Ælfric himself. (Eliason & Clemoes 1966)
ÆCHom(K)	The Catholic Homilies in MS. Cambr. Univ. Lib. Gg 3.28	X/XI	unknown, but the text shows marks of Ælfric's supervision (Sisam 1953: 178)
ÆCHom(Q)	Homilies in MS. Corp. Chr. Col., Cambr. 188	XI¹	"
Chron(B, C)	Two mass of the OE Chronicle	B: X²; C: XI^m, XI²	Abingdon, Berkshire; Abingdon, Berkshire
Or(C)	OE Orosius	XI¹	Abingdon, Berkshire
WS(O, A)	West Saxon Gospels	O: c.1000; A: XI²	Wessex (Bath?); Wessex (Exeter)
KENTISH	none

                  700           800           900          1000           1100
                   |             |             |             |             |
North          s sXXX                             X XX
Merc.               s    s       s  XX           s s
Kent.                             s ss s          s
W. Sax.                   s         s   X  X  XX    X    X X XsXsXsXssXsss

　・ Crowley, Joseph P. "The Study of Old English Dialects." English Studies 67 (1986): 97--104.

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