hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2013-02-02

■ #1377. Gelderen 版，英語史略年表 [timeline][history][historiography]

　[2011-06-13-1]の Crystal 版，[2013-01-24-1]の Fennel 版，[2013-01-25-1]のフィシャク版に引き続き，英語史年表シリーズ．今回は，Gelderen の英語史概説書 (313--17) より抜き書き．概説書にしてもそうだが，年表も，何度も同じもの，違うものを眺めていると，発見があるものである．

8000 BC		Hunter-gatherers move across Europe also into what is now the British Isles
6500 BC		Formation of English Channel
6000 BC		Shift to farming
3000 BC		Stonehenge culture
2500 BC		Bronze Age in Britain
1000 BC		Migrations of Celtic people to Britain begins
600 BC		Iron Age
55 BC--54 BC		Expeditions by Caesar
43		Invasion by Claudius
43--47		South and East England brought under Roman control
50		London founded
70--84		Wales, Northern England, and Scotland under Roman control
100--200		Uprisings in Scotland
122		Hadrian Walls begun
150		Small groups of settlers from the continent
410		Romans withdraw
450		Hengest and Horsa come to Kent ('invited' to hold back the Picts)
455		Hengest rebels against Vortigern
477		Saxons in Sussex
495		Saxons in Wessex
527		Saxon kingdoms in Essex and Middlesex
550		Anglian kingdoms in Mercia, Northumbria, and East Anglia
560		Æthelberht becomes King of Kent
597		Augustine missionaries land in Kent and conversion to Christianity starts
794		Scandinavian attacks on Lindisfarne, Jarrow, Iona and subsequent conquest of Northumbria
865		Scandinavian conquest of East Anglia
871--899		Rule of King Alfred and establishment of the Danelaw
1016--1042		Rule of King Cnut and his heirs
1042--1066		Rule of King Edward (January 1066)
1066		Death of King Edward (January 1066)
1066		King Harold's defeat at Hastings and William of Normandy takes over (December 1066)
1066		William (of Normandy) becomes king (December 1066)
1095		First Crusade
1162		Becket is murdered
1169--1172		Conquest of Ireland
1204		King John loses Normandy to the French
1282--1283		Conquest of Wales
1290		Expulsion of Jews from England
1315--1316		Great Famine
1337--1453		The 100-year War
1349--1351		The Black Death, i.e. plague, kills one-third of the population
1362		Statute of Pleadings (legal proceedings in English)
1381		The Peasants' revolt
1382		Condemnation of Wycliff
1476		Introduction of the printing press by Caxton
1492		Columbus reaches the 'New World'
1497		Cabot reaches Newfoundland, Canada
1504		St John's, Newfoundland, established as the first British colony in North America
1509--1547		Reign of Henry VIII
1534		Act of Supremacy, English monarch becomes head of the Church of England
1536		Monasteries dissembled
1539		English bible in every church
1550		Population of England reaches 3 million
1558--1603		Queen Elizabeth I
1600		The East India Company is granted a charter
1607		Settlement at Jamestown
1611		The King James Bible (KJV)
1612		English presence in Bermuda and in India
1620		Pilgrim fathers establish colony in Plymouth
1624--1630		War between England and Spain
1626--1629		War between England and France
1627--1647		Settlements on Barbados and the Bahamas
1629		Charles I dissolves parliament
1642--1648		First and Second Civil War
1649		Charles I beheaded
1649		Charles II becomes king
1649		Jews officially admitted
1649--1655		Cromwell conquers Ireland
1655		English presence in Jamaica
1653--1660		Cromwell is 'Lord Protector'
1660		Charles II 'restored''
1660		Royal Society founded, to promote science
1670		Hudson Bay Company active
1670--1679		Colonization of West Africa
1688		The Glorious Revolution
1689--1702		Rule of William and Mary
1700		Population of England is 5 million
1707		Act of Union, uniting England and Scotland as the UK
1746		Battle of Culloden; subsequent repression of Scottish Gaelic
1755		Johnson's Dictionary
1759		Wolfe takes Quebec for England
1760--1850		Highland Clearances in Scotland, with resulting emigration and loss of Celtic
1763		Trading in Basra, Iraq
1765--1947		British rule over India
1773		Boston Tea Party
1775--1783		American War of Independence
1776		American Declaration of Independence
1780--1789		Colonies (of convicts) in Australia
1789		French Revolution
1789		George Washington first American president
1791		British colonies in Upper and Lower Canada
1803		Louisiana Purchase
1806		British take over the Cape Colony in South Africa
1806		Webster's Dictionary
1819--1824		Malacca and Singapore occupied by the British
1820--1829		Railroads in the US
1821--1823		Irish famine
1830--1839		Settlement of New Zealand
1834		Slavery abolished in the British Empire
1842		China cedes Hong Kong
1844		First telegraph
1837--1901		Reign of Queen Victoria
1853		Gadsden Purchase
1853		Japan opened to Western trade
1858		Decision to start the OED
1861--1865		American Civil War
1861		British colony in Nigeria
1862		British colony in Honduras
1865		Abolition of slavery in the United States of America
1869		Suez Canal opened
1876		Telephone invented
1884		Berlin Conference determines colonial power in Africa
1886		Annexation of Burma
1890--1899		Rhodesia and Uganda colonized in an attempt to control the Cape-to-Cairo corridor
1880--1902		Boer Wars and British conquest of South Africa
1898		American control over Hawaii, Philippines, and Puerto Rico
1898		Hong Kong and Territories leased to Britain for 99 years
1901		Death of Queen Victoria
1907		Hollywood becomes a filmmaking center
1914--1918		First World War
1916		Easter Uprising, leading to Irish independence in 1921
1918		Women (over 30) get the vote in Britain
1920		Kenya as British colony
1922		BBC starts
1928		OED appears (with supplement in 1933)
1931		Statute of Westminster (former British Dominions de fact independent); British Commonwealth
1939		photocopying invented
1939--1945		Second World war
1942		First computers
1945		United Nations founded
1946		Philippines independent
1947		The independence of India and Pakistan; and New Zealand
1948		Burma and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) independent
1949		NATO founded
1950--1953		Korean War
1951		First computers
1960		Nigeria becomes independent
1960		World population reaches 3 billion
1961--1975		Vietnam War
1963		Kenya becomes independent
1973		Britain joins European Union (confirmed in a 1975 referendum)
1980		CNN starts
1984		Apple PC
1990		Native American Languages Act
1990--1991		Gulf War
1990--1999		Internet becomes major communication tool
1999		World population reaches 6 billion
2000		OED online
2003		Iraq War
2003		In Wales, 20% speak Welsh, up 2.4% in 10 years

（後記　2013/03/18(Mon)：同じ年表は Gelderen のコンパニオンサイトより，"Timeline" から閲覧できる．）

　・ Gelderen, Elly van. A History of the English Language. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2006.

[ 固定リンク | 印刷用ページ ]