#1377. Gelderen 版，英語史略年表

2013-02-02

　[2011-06-13-1]の Crystal 版，[2013-01-24-1]の Fennel 版，[2013-01-25-1]のフィシャク版に引き続き，英語史年表シリーズ．今回は，Gelderen の英語史概説書 (313--17) より抜き書き．概説書にしてもそうだが，年表も，何度も同じもの，違うものを眺めていると，発見があるものである．

8000 BC     Hunter-gatherers move across Europe also into what is now the British Isles

6500 BC     Formation of English Channel

6000 BC     Shift to farming

3000 BC     Stonehenge culture

2500 BC     Bronze Age in Britain

1000 BC     Migrations of Celtic people to Britain begins

600 BC     Iron Age

55 BC--54 BC     Expeditions by Caesar

43     Invasion by Claudius

43--47     South and East England brought under Roman control

50     London founded

70--84     Wales, Northern England, and Scotland under Roman control

100--200     Uprisings in Scotland

122     Hadrian Walls begun

150     Small groups of settlers from the continent

410     Romans withdraw

450     Hengest and Horsa come to Kent ('invited' to hold back the Picts)

455     Hengest rebels against Vortigern

477     Saxons in Sussex

495     Saxons in Wessex

527     Saxon kingdoms in Essex and Middlesex

550     Anglian kingdoms in Mercia, Northumbria, and East Anglia

560     Æthelberht becomes King of Kent

597     Augustine missionaries land in Kent and conversion to Christianity starts

794     Scandinavian attacks on Lindisfarne, Jarrow, Iona and subsequent conquest of Northumbria

865     Scandinavian conquest of East Anglia

871--899     Rule of King Alfred and establishment of the Danelaw

1016--1042     Rule of King Cnut and his heirs

1042--1066     Rule of King Edward (January 1066)

1066     Death of King Edward (January 1066)

1066     King Harold's defeat at Hastings and William of Normandy takes over (December 1066)

1066     William (of Normandy) becomes king (December 1066)

1095     First Crusade

1162     Becket is murdered

1169--1172     Conquest of Ireland

1204     King John loses Normandy to the French

1282--1283     Conquest of Wales

1290     Expulsion of Jews from England

1315--1316     Great Famine

1337--1453     The 100-year War

1349--1351     The Black Death, i.e. plague, kills one-third of the population

1362     Statute of Pleadings (legal proceedings in English)

1381     The Peasants' revolt

1382     Condemnation of Wycliff

1476     Introduction of the printing press by Caxton

1492     Columbus reaches the 'New World'

1497     Cabot reaches Newfoundland, Canada

1504     St John's, Newfoundland, established as the first British colony in North America

1509--1547     Reign of Henry VIII

1534     Act of Supremacy, English monarch becomes head of the Church of England

1536     Monasteries dissembled

1539     English bible in every church

1550     Population of England reaches 3 million

1558--1603     Queen Elizabeth I

1600     The East India Company is granted a charter

1607     Settlement at Jamestown

1611     The King James Bible (KJV)

1612     English presence in Bermuda and in India

1620     Pilgrim fathers establish colony in Plymouth

1624--1630     War between England and Spain

1626--1629     War between England and France

1627--1647     Settlements on Barbados and the Bahamas

1629     Charles I dissolves parliament

1642--1648     First and Second Civil War

1649     Charles I beheaded

1649     Charles II becomes king

1649     Jews officially admitted

1649--1655     Cromwell conquers Ireland

1655     English presence in Jamaica

1653--1660     Cromwell is 'Lord Protector'

1660     Charles II 'restored''

1660     Royal Society founded, to promote science

1670     Hudson Bay Company active

1670--1679     Colonization of West Africa

1688     The Glorious Revolution

1689--1702     Rule of William and Mary

1700     Population of England is 5 million

1707     Act of Union, uniting England and Scotland as the UK

1746     Battle of Culloden; subsequent repression of Scottish Gaelic

1755     Johnson's Dictionary

1759     Wolfe takes Quebec for England

1760--1850     Highland Clearances in Scotland, with resulting emigration and loss of Celtic

1763     Trading in Basra, Iraq

1765--1947     British rule over India

1773     Boston Tea Party

1775--1783     American War of Independence

1776     American Declaration of Independence

1780--1789     Colonies (of convicts) in Australia

1789     French Revolution

1789     George Washington first American president

1791     British colonies in Upper and Lower Canada

1803     Louisiana Purchase

1806     British take over the Cape Colony in South Africa

1806     Webster's Dictionary

1819--1824     Malacca and Singapore occupied by the British

1820--1829     Railroads in the US

1821--1823     Irish famine

1830--1839     Settlement of New Zealand

1834     Slavery abolished in the British Empire

1842     China cedes Hong Kong

1844     First telegraph

1837--1901     Reign of Queen Victoria

1853     Gadsden Purchase

1853     Japan opened to Western trade

1858     Decision to start the OED

1861--1865     American Civil War

1861     British colony in Nigeria

1862     British colony in Honduras

1865     Abolition of slavery in the United States of America

1869     Suez Canal opened

1876     Telephone invented

1884     Berlin Conference determines colonial power in Africa

1886     Annexation of Burma

1890--1899     Rhodesia and Uganda colonized in an attempt to control the Cape-to-Cairo corridor

1880--1902     Boer Wars and British conquest of South Africa

1898     American control over Hawaii, Philippines, and Puerto Rico

1898     Hong Kong and Territories leased to Britain for 99 years

1901     Death of Queen Victoria

1907     Hollywood becomes a filmmaking center

1914--1918     First World War

1916     Easter Uprising, leading to Irish independence in 1921

1918     Women (over 30) get the vote in Britain

1920     Kenya as British colony

1922     BBC starts

1928     OED appears (with supplement in 1933)

1931     Statute of Westminster (former British Dominions de fact independent); British Commonwealth

1939     photocopying invented

1939--1945     Second World war

1942     First computers

1945     United Nations founded

1946     Philippines independent

1947     The independence of India and Pakistan; and New Zealand

1948     Burma and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) independent

1949     NATO founded

1950--1953     Korean War

1951     First computers

1960     Nigeria becomes independent

1960     World population reaches 3 billion

1961--1975     Vietnam War

1963     Kenya becomes independent

1973     Britain joins European Union (confirmed in a 1975 referendum)

1980     CNN starts

1984     Apple PC

1990     Native American Languages Act

1990--1991     Gulf War

1990--1999     Internet becomes major communication tool

1999     World population reaches 6 billion

2000     OED online

2003     Iraq War

2003     In Wales, 20% speak Welsh, up 2.4% in 10 years

（後記　2013/03/18(Mon)：同じ年表は Gelderen のコンパニオンサイトより，"Timeline" から閲覧できる．）

　・ Gelderen, Elly van. A History of the English Language. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2006.

Referrer (Inside): [2013-12-22-1] [2013-12-21-1] [2013-02-03-1]

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8000 BC		Hunter-gatherers move across Europe also into what is now the British Isles
6500 BC		Formation of English Channel
6000 BC		Shift to farming
3000 BC		Stonehenge culture
2500 BC		Bronze Age in Britain
1000 BC		Migrations of Celtic people to Britain begins
600 BC		Iron Age
55 BC--54 BC		Expeditions by Caesar
43		Invasion by Claudius
43--47		South and East England brought under Roman control
50		London founded
70--84		Wales, Northern England, and Scotland under Roman control
100--200		Uprisings in Scotland
122		Hadrian Walls begun
150		Small groups of settlers from the continent
410		Romans withdraw
450		Hengest and Horsa come to Kent ('invited' to hold back the Picts)
455		Hengest rebels against Vortigern
477		Saxons in Sussex
495		Saxons in Wessex
527		Saxon kingdoms in Essex and Middlesex
550		Anglian kingdoms in Mercia, Northumbria, and East Anglia
560		Æthelberht becomes King of Kent
597		Augustine missionaries land in Kent and conversion to Christianity starts
794		Scandinavian attacks on Lindisfarne, Jarrow, Iona and subsequent conquest of Northumbria
865		Scandinavian conquest of East Anglia
871--899		Rule of King Alfred and establishment of the Danelaw
1016--1042		Rule of King Cnut and his heirs
1042--1066		Rule of King Edward (January 1066)
1066		Death of King Edward (January 1066)
1066		King Harold's defeat at Hastings and William of Normandy takes over (December 1066)
1066		William (of Normandy) becomes king (December 1066)
1095		First Crusade
1162		Becket is murdered
1169--1172		Conquest of Ireland
1204		King John loses Normandy to the French
1282--1283		Conquest of Wales
1290		Expulsion of Jews from England
1315--1316		Great Famine
1337--1453		The 100-year War
1349--1351		The Black Death, i.e. plague, kills one-third of the population
1362		Statute of Pleadings (legal proceedings in English)
1381		The Peasants' revolt
1382		Condemnation of Wycliff
1476		Introduction of the printing press by Caxton
1492		Columbus reaches the 'New World'
1497		Cabot reaches Newfoundland, Canada
1504		St John's, Newfoundland, established as the first British colony in North America
1509--1547		Reign of Henry VIII
1534		Act of Supremacy, English monarch becomes head of the Church of England
1536		Monasteries dissembled
1539		English bible in every church
1550		Population of England reaches 3 million
1558--1603		Queen Elizabeth I
1600		The East India Company is granted a charter
1607		Settlement at Jamestown
1611		The King James Bible (KJV)
1612		English presence in Bermuda and in India
1620		Pilgrim fathers establish colony in Plymouth
1624--1630		War between England and Spain
1626--1629		War between England and France
1627--1647		Settlements on Barbados and the Bahamas
1629		Charles I dissolves parliament
1642--1648		First and Second Civil War
1649		Charles I beheaded
1649		Charles II becomes king
1649		Jews officially admitted
1649--1655		Cromwell conquers Ireland
1655		English presence in Jamaica
1653--1660		Cromwell is 'Lord Protector'
1660		Charles II 'restored''
1660		Royal Society founded, to promote science
1670		Hudson Bay Company active
1670--1679		Colonization of West Africa
1688		The Glorious Revolution
1689--1702		Rule of William and Mary
1700		Population of England is 5 million
1707		Act of Union, uniting England and Scotland as the UK
1746		Battle of Culloden; subsequent repression of Scottish Gaelic
1755		Johnson's Dictionary
1759		Wolfe takes Quebec for England
1760--1850		Highland Clearances in Scotland, with resulting emigration and loss of Celtic
1763		Trading in Basra, Iraq
1765--1947		British rule over India
1773		Boston Tea Party
1775--1783		American War of Independence
1776		American Declaration of Independence
1780--1789		Colonies (of convicts) in Australia
1789		French Revolution
1789		George Washington first American president
1791		British colonies in Upper and Lower Canada
1803		Louisiana Purchase
1806		British take over the Cape Colony in South Africa
1806		Webster's Dictionary
1819--1824		Malacca and Singapore occupied by the British
1820--1829		Railroads in the US
1821--1823		Irish famine
1830--1839		Settlement of New Zealand
1834		Slavery abolished in the British Empire
1842		China cedes Hong Kong
1844		First telegraph
1837--1901		Reign of Queen Victoria
1853		Gadsden Purchase
1853		Japan opened to Western trade
1858		Decision to start the OED
1861--1865		American Civil War
1861		British colony in Nigeria
1862		British colony in Honduras
1865		Abolition of slavery in the United States of America
1869		Suez Canal opened
1876		Telephone invented
1884		Berlin Conference determines colonial power in Africa
1886		Annexation of Burma
1890--1899		Rhodesia and Uganda colonized in an attempt to control the Cape-to-Cairo corridor
1880--1902		Boer Wars and British conquest of South Africa
1898		American control over Hawaii, Philippines, and Puerto Rico
1898		Hong Kong and Territories leased to Britain for 99 years
1901		Death of Queen Victoria
1907		Hollywood becomes a filmmaking center
1914--1918		First World War
1916		Easter Uprising, leading to Irish independence in 1921
1918		Women (over 30) get the vote in Britain
1920		Kenya as British colony
1922		BBC starts
1928		OED appears (with supplement in 1933)
1931		Statute of Westminster (former British Dominions de fact independent); British Commonwealth
1939		photocopying invented
1939--1945		Second World war
1942		First computers
1945		United Nations founded
1946		Philippines independent
1947		The independence of India and Pakistan; and New Zealand
1948		Burma and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) independent
1949		NATO founded
1950--1953		Korean War
1951		First computers
1960		Nigeria becomes independent
1960		World population reaches 3 billion
1961--1975		Vietnam War
1963		Kenya becomes independent
1973		Britain joins European Union (confirmed in a 1975 referendum)
1980		CNN starts
1984		Apple PC
1990		Native American Languages Act
1990--1991		Gulf War
1990--1999		Internet becomes major communication tool
1999		World population reaches 6 billion
2000		OED online
2003		Iraq War
2003		In Wales, 20% speak Welsh, up 2.4% in 10 years

#1377. Gelderen 版，英語史略年表[timeline][history][historiography]