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社会言語学 (sociolinguistics) と一口にいっても,幅広い領域なので研究内容は多岐にわたる.「#2545. Wardhaugh の社会言語学概説書の目次」 ([2016-04-15-1]) を眺めるだけでも,扱っている問題の多様性がうかがえるだろう.
社会言語学を研究対象となる現象の規模という観点からざっくり2区分すると,「#1380. micro-sociolinguistics と macro-sociolinguistics」 ([2013-02-05-1]) でみた通りになる.一方,学史的な観点を踏まえると,社会言語学では大きく3つのパラダイムが発展してきたので,3区分することも可能だ.以下は,Dittmar による3区分に依拠した Nevalainen and Raumolin-Brunberg (18) の表である.社会言語学の見取り図として有用だ.
Paradigm/Dimension | Sociology of language | Social dialectology | Interactional sociolinguistics |
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Object of study | * status and function of languages and language varieties in speech communities | * variation in grammar and phonology * linguistic variation in discourse * speaker attitudes | * interactive construction and organization of discourse |
Mode of inquiry | * domain-specific use of languages and varieties of language | * correlating linguistic and sociological categories | organization of discourse as social interaction |
Fieldwork | * questionnaire * interview | * sociolinguistic interview * participant observation | * documentation of linguistic and non-linguistic interaction in different contexts |
Describing | * the norms and patterns of language use in domain-specific conditions | * the linguistic system in relation to external factors | * co-operative rules for organization of discourse |
Explaining | * differences of and changes in status and function of languages and language varieties | * social dynamics of language varieties in speech communities * language change | * communicative competence; verbal and nonverbal input in goal-oriented interaction |
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最終更新時間: 2024-10-26 09:48
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