hellog〜英語史ブログ / 2011-09-29

■ #885. Algeo の新語ソースの分類 (3) [word_formation][morphology][borrowing][terminology]

　昨日と一昨日の記事 (##883,884) で取りあげてきた，Algeo による word-making の詳細分類の続編．Algeo の論文の補遺 (129--31) には，彼が9個の基準 (CR1--CR9) により設けた37クラス (CLASS) と，各クラスおよびその下位クラスを代表する63語 (NEW_ITEM) が表の形で示されている．今日は，その表に MAJOR_CLASS なる大分類 (root creation, conversion, clipping, composite, blending, borrowing) の情報を加えたものを掲載する．word-making の分類の際のお供に．
　9個の基準分類については，改めて以下に要約しておく．

　CR1: Does the new item have an etymon?
　CR2: Does the new item have a borrowed etymon?
　CR3: Does the new item combine two or more etyma?
　CR4: Does the new item shorten an etymon?
　CR5: Does the new item have an etymon that lacks a formal exponent in the item?
　CR6: Does the new item have a phonological motivation?
　CR7: Do the etyma include more than one base? (More precisely: If there is only one etymon, does it consist of more than one base; or if there are several etyma, do at least two contain bases?)
　CR8: Does the new item derive from written rather than spoken etyma?
　CR9: Does the new item add new morphs to the language?

ITEM NO.	NEW_ITEM	CR1	CR2	CR3	CR4	CR5	CR6	CR7	CR8	CR9	ETYMA	TRADITIONAL_CLASS	CLASS	MAJOR_CLASS
1	googol	-	0	0	0	0	-	0	0	+	---	arbitrary coinage	1	root creation
2	miaow	-	0	0	0	0	+	0	0	+	---	onomatopoeia	2	root creation
3	fun (adj)	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	fun (n)	functional shift	3	conversion
4	watt	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	(James) Watt	commonization	3	conversion
5	grudge	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	grutch	analogical reformation	4	conversion
6	splosh	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	splash	analogical reformation	4	conversion
7	cónstrùct	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	constrúct	analogical reformation	4	conversion
8	mho	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+	ohm	reverse form	5	conversion
9	bassackwards	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	assbackwards	spoonerism	6	conversion
10	cab	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	cabriolet	back clipping (stump word)	7	clipping
11	'fessor	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	professor	aphaeresis	7	clipping
12	curtsy	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	courtesy	syncope	7	clipping
13	flu	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	influenza	front & back clipping	7	clipping
14	H	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	horse, heroin	initialism	8	clipping
15	prof	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	professor	front clipping	8	clipping
16	Dr.	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	Doctor	abbreviation	9	clipping
17	jet	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	jet-propelled airplane	clipped compound	10	clipping
18	show biz	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	+	show business	clipped compound	11	clipping
19	sitch com	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	+	situation comedy	clipped compound	11	clipping
20	CO	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	commanding officer	initialism	12	clipping
21	scuba	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	self contained underwater breathing apparatus	acronym, 1st order	12	clipping
22	radar	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	radio detecting and ranging	acronym, 2nd order	12	clipping
23	Inbex	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	Industrialized Building Exposition	acronym, 2nd order	12	clipping
24	Nabisco	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	National Biscuit Company	acronym, 2nd order	12	clipping
25	bit	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	binary digit	blend (acronym, 3rd order; acrouronym)	12	clipping
26	Amerindian	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	American Indian	blend	12	clipping
27	bus ad	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	business administration	clipped compound (acronym, 4th order)	12	clipping
28	sit com	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	situation comedy	clipped compound (acronym, 4th order)	12	clipping
29	vroom	+	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	boom	onomatopoeia & phonestheme	13	clipping
30	morphonemics	+	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	+	morphophonemics	haplology	14	clipping
31	riddle	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	-	+	riddles & -s	back formation	15	clipping
32	burger	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	hamburger & ham	back formation	16	clipping
33	slowly	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	slow & -ly	suffixation	17	composite
34	unloose	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	un- & loose	prefixation	17	composite
35	funhouse	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	fun & house	compound	18	composite
36	abso-damn-lutely	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	absolutely & damn	sandwich term	18	composite
37	dice	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	die & -s	metanalysis	19	composite
38	ofay	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	foe & ay	Pig Latin	19	composite
39	hotshot	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	hot & shot	rime compound	20	composite
40	tiptop	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	tip & top	ablaut compound	20	composite
41	funny farm	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	funny & farm	alliterative compound	20	composite
42	bye bye	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	bye & bye	reduplication	20	composite
43	goodschmood	+	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	+	good & schm- & good	reduplication with onset substitution	21	composite
44	trouble and strife ("wife")	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	-	-	trouble & and & strife & wife	riming slang	22	composite
45	buxom ("busty")	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	-	-	buxom & bosom	clang association	22	composite
46	hanky	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+	handkerchief & -y	clipping & suffix	23	blending
47	happenstance	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	happening & circumstance	blend	24	blending
48	smog	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	smoke & fog	blend	25	blending
49	scrunch	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	scram/screw/scrimp & bunch/crunch/hunch	phonesthemes	25	blending
50	bridegroom	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	bridegoom & groom	folk etymology	26	blending
51	guesstimate	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	guess & estimate	blend	27	blending
52	meld	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	melt & weld	blend	27	blending
53	prepocerous	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	preposterous & rhinoceros	forced rime	27	blending
54	sayonada	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	sayonara	popular adoption	28	borrowing
55	sayonara	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	sayonara	learned adoption	29	borrowing
56	disc	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	discus	adaptation	30	borrowing
57	foot ("metrical unit")	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	foot & pēs	calque	31	borrowing
58	superman	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	super & man & &Uum;bermensch	loan translation	32	borrowing
59	foe paw	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	-	foe & paw & faux pas	folk etymology	33	borrowing
60	fox pass	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	fox & pass & faux pas	folk etymology	34	borrowing
61	coffee klatch	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	coffee & Kaffee Klatsch	loanblend	35	borrowing
62	chaise lounge	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	chaise longue & lounge	loanblend & folk etymology	36	borrowing
63	tamale	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	tamal-es & -s	metanalysis	37	borrowing

　・ Algeo, John. "The Taxonomy of Word Making." Word 29 (1978): 122--31.

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