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最終更新時間: 2024-04-23 15:39

2017-05-04 Thu

■ #2929. 「創世記」11:1--9 （「バベルの塔」）を7ヴァージョンで読み比べ [bible][popular_passage][hel_education][oe_text][basic_english][popular_passage]

　昨日の記事「#2928. 古英語で「創世記」11:1--9 （「バベルの塔」）を読む」 ([2017-05-03-1]) で「バベルの塔」の古英語版を読んだが，「#1870. 「創世記」2:18--25 を7ヴァージョンで読み比べ」 ([2014-06-10-1]) にならって中英語以降のテキストも含めた7ヴァージョンを並べてみた．(1), (2), (3), (4), (7) の5つは寺澤先生の著書の第8章より，(5), (6) は聖書サイトより持ってきた現代英語版である．

　(1) 1000年頃の古英語訳 Old English Heptateuch より．

Wæs þā ān gereord on eorþan, and heora ealre ān sprǣc. Hī fērdon fram ēastdēle oð þæt hī cōmon tō ānum felde on þām lande Sennar, and þēr wunedon. Ðā cwǣdon hī him betwȳnan, “Vton wyrcean ūs tigelan and ǣlan hī on fȳre.” Witodlīce hī hæfdon tigelan for stān and tyrwan for weall-līm. And cwǣdon, “Cumað and utan wircan ūs āne burh and ǣnne stȳpel swā hēahne ðæt his rōf ātille þā heofonan, and uton mǣrsian ūrne namon, ǣr þan wē bēon tōdǣlede tō eallum landum.” God þā nyþer āstāh, þæt hē gesēga þā burh and þone stȳpel þe Adames sunus getimbroden. God cwæð þā, “Efne þis his ān folc and gereord him ealum, and hī ongunnon þis tō wircenne; ne hī ne geswīcað heora geþōhta, ǣr þan þe hī mid weorce hī gefyllan. Cumað nū eornostlīce and uton niþer āstīgan and heora gereord þēr tōwendon, þæt heora nān ne tōcnāwe his nēxtan stemne.” And God þā hī tōdǣlde swā of þǣre stōwe tō eallum landum, and hī geswicon tō wyrcenne þā buruh. And for þī wæs sēo burh gehāten Babel, for þan þe ðǣr wæs tōdǣled þæt gereord ealre eorþan. God þā hī sende þanon ofer brādnesse ealra eorðan.

　(2) 1388--95年の Wycliffite Bible (Later Version) より．

Forsothe the lond was of o langage, and of the same speche. And whanne thei ȝeden forth fro the eest, they fonden a feeld in the lond of Sennaar, and dwelliden ther ynne. And oon seide to his neiȝbore, "Come ȝe, and make we tiel stonys, and bake we tho with fier," and thei hadden tiel for stonus, and pitche for morter; and seiden, "Come ȝe, and make we to vs a citee and tour, whos hiȝnesse stretche `til to heuene; and make we solempne oure name bifor that we be departid in to alle londis." Forsothe the Lord cam down to se the citee and tour, which the sones of Adam bildiden. And he seide, "Lo! the puple is oon, and o langage is to alle, and thei han bigunne to make this, nethir thei schulen ceesse of her thouȝtis, til thei fillen tho in werk; therfor come ȝe, go we doun, and scheende we there the tunge of hem, that ech man here not the voys of his neiȝbore." And so the Lord departide hem fro that place in to alle londis; and thei cessiden to bielde a cytee. And therfor the name therof was clepid Babel, for the langage of al erthe was confoundide there; and fro thennus the Lord scaterede hem on the face of alle cuntrees.

　(3) 1611年の The Authorised Version (The King James Version）より．

And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speach. And it came to passe as they iourneyed from the East, that they found a plaine in the land of Shinar, and they dwelt there. And they sayd one to another; Goe to, let vs make bricke, and burne them thorowly. And they had bricke for stone, and slime had they for morter. And they said; Goe to, let vs build vs a city and a tower, whose top may reach vnto heauen, and let vs make vs a name, lest we be scattered abroad vpon the face of the whole earth. And the LORD came downe to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. And the LORD said; Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language: and this they begin to doe: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they haue imagined to doe. Goed to, let vs go downe, and there cōfound their language, that they may not vnderstand one anothers speech. So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence, vpon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the Citie. Therefore is the name of it called Babel, because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad vpon the face of all the earth.

　(4) 1989年の The New Revised Standard Version より．

Now the whole earth had one language and the same words. And as they migrated from the east, they came upon a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly." And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise we shall be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth." The Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which mortals had built. And the Lord said, "Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one another's speech." So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore it was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth.

　(5) 基礎語彙のみを用いた Basic English（The Holy Bible --- Bible in Basic English) より．

And all the earth had one language and one tongue. And it came about that in their wandering from the east, they came to a stretch of flat country in the land of Shinar, and there they made their living-place. And they said one to another, Come, let us make bricks, burning them well. And they had bricks for stone, putting them together with sticky earth. And they said, Come, let us make a town, and a tower whose top will go up as high as heaven; and let us make a great name for ourselves, so that we may not be wanderers over the face of the earth. And the Lord came down to see the town and the tower which the children of men were building. And the Lord said, See, they are all one people and have all one language; and this is only the start of what they may do: and now it will not be possible to keep them from any purpose of theirs. Come, let us go down and take away the sense of their language, so that they will not be able to make themselves clear to one another. So the Lord God sent them away into every part of the earth: and they gave up building their town. So it was named Babel, because there the Lord took away the sense of all languages and from there the Lord sent them away over all the face of the earth.

　(6) 平易な米口語訳 Good News Translation (BibleGateway.com) より．

At first, the people of the whole world had only one language and used the same words. As they wandered about in the East, they came to a plain in Babylonia and settled there. They said to one another, "Come on! Let's make bricks and bake them hard." So they had bricks to build with and tar to hold them together. They said, "Now let's build a city with a tower that reaches the sky, so that we can make a name for ourselves and not be scattered all over the earth." Then the Lord came down to see the city and the tower which they had built, and he said, "Now then, these are all one people and they speak one language; this is just the beginning of what they are going to do. Soon they will be able to do anything they want! Let us go down and mix up their language so that they will not understand each other." So the Lord scattered them all over the earth, and they stopped building the city. The city was called Babylon, because there the Lord mixed up the language of all the people, and from there he scattered them all over the earth.

　(7) 新共同訳より．

世界中は同じ言葉を使って，同じように話していた．東の方から移動してきた人々は，シンアルの地に平野を見つけ，そこに住み着いた．彼らは，「れんがを作り，それをよく焼こう」と話し合った．石の代わりにれんがを，しっくいの代わりにアスファルトを用いた．彼らは，「さあ，天まで届く塔のある町を建て，有名になろう．そして，全地に散らされることのないようにしよう」と言った．主は降って来て，人の子らが建てた，塔のあるこの町を見て，言われた．「彼らは一つの民で，皆一つの言葉を話しているから，このようなことをし始めたのだ．これでは，彼らが何を企てても，妨げることはできない．我々は降って行って，直ちに彼らの言葉を混乱させ，互いの言葉が聞き分けられぬようにしてしまおう．」主は彼らをそこから全地に散らされたので，彼らはこの町の建設をやめた．こういうわけで，この町の名はバベルと呼ばれた．主がそこで全地の言葉を混乱（バラル）させ，また，主がそこから彼らを全地に散らされたからである．

　・寺澤盾　『聖書でたどる英語の歴史』　大修館書店，2013年．

Referrer (Inside): [2023-01-07-1] [2021-04-29-1] [2021-04-22-1] [2017-05-28-1]

教派	英語名	起源	名称の由来	拠り所
東方正教会	Eastern Orthodox Church (Orthodox Churches)	イエスの使徒たちによって各地に創設．1054年，西方教会と分裂	ギリシャ語の Orthodox は，「正しく（オルソス）」「神を賛美する（ドクサ）」ことを追求する態度に由来．5世紀ころに現れた「異端」の教会に対し，「正統」派とする立場．「東方」は「西方」のローマに対応	聖伝と聖書．ニケヤ第1公会議 (325) からニケヤ第2公会議 (787) までの七回の公会議の信条
ローマ・カトリック教会	Roman Catholic Church	イエスとの使徒ペトロを初代教皇（ローマ司教）とする．1054年，東方教会と分裂	カトリック (Catholic) とはギリシャ語の Katholikos に由来する形容詞で，普遍的，公同の，万人のためという意味．その普遍性の中心をローマの司教座（ローマの司教がすなわちローマ教皇）におくことから，ローマ・カトリックと呼ばれる．	聖書と聖伝．公会議の信条．教皇が発する教義
ルター派（ルーテル教会）	Lutheran Churches	ローマ・カトリックの修道司祭だったマルティン・ルターによる宗教改革（ドイツ，1517年以降）	ドイツの宗教改革者マルティン・ルター (Martin Luther) の名前に由来	聖書のみ
聖公会（イングランド国教会）	Anglican/Episcopal Churches	イングランド国王ヘンリー八世が政治的動機でローマ・カトリック教会から分離した，国家レベルの宗教改革（イングランド，1534年）	イングランドの国教会 Church of England を母教会とする一連の教会を，Anglican Church （アングリカン＝アングル族，すなわちイングランド系の教会）という．日本語の「聖公会」は，使徒信経及びニケヤ信経の一節 "holy catholic church" （聖なる公同の教会）に由来	聖書のみ
改革派／長老派	Reformed/Presbyterian Churches	進学者ツヴィングリ，カルヴァンらによる宗教改革（スイス，16世紀後半）	大陸系のカルヴァン主義の教会を指す「改革派」は，「神の言によって改革された」教会の意．英国系の教会に使われる「長老派」は，教会政治において，主教ではなく，教会員のなかから「長老」（ギリシャ語の Presbyteros）を選んで代用とする制度に由来	聖書のみ
会衆派（組合派）	Congregational Churches	イングランド国教会からの分離派（イングランド，16世紀後半）	教会員（会衆）全体の合意にもとづく教会政治に由来．日本では「組合派」ともいい，「組合」の名前が一時教団名として使われた	聖書のみ
バプテスト	Baptist Churches	宗教改革期のスイスやドイツのアナバプテスト，およびイングランド国教会からの分離派（オランダ，イングランド，17世紀前半）	聖書に示された洗礼，すなわちバプテスマは，自覚的な信従者のみが，全身を浸す浸礼で行うべきだとし，幼児洗礼を否定した教義に由来．幼児洗礼を認める者から，アナバプテスト（再洗礼者）あるいはバプテストと呼ばれた	聖書のみ
メソジスト	Methodist Churches	イングランド国教会司祭ジョン・ウェスリーによる国教会内部の信仰覚醒運動（イングランド，18世紀半ば）	教派の創設者ジョン・ウェスリーらに与えられた Methodist （メソッドを重んじる人／几帳面すぎる生活態度の人）というあだ名に由来．ウィースリー本人は，この名称を「聖書に言われている方法〔メソッド〕に従って生きる人」と定義した	聖書のみ
ペンテコステ派	Pentecostal Churches	主としてメソジスト系の教会を背景に，北米大陸においては，カンザス州の聖書学校で始まった霊的覚醒運動（アメリカ，1900年ころ）	新約聖書・使徒言行録第2章に描かれた復活祭後50日目の「五旬祭」，すなわち精霊降臨の日 (Pentecost) に由来．この日，使徒たちに降ったのと同じ精霊の働きを強調する立場を示す	聖書のみ


Book of Common Prayer (Of Matrimonie)	King James Bible (Title-page)

Author	Title	Date	Incidence of -s
Ascham, Roger	Toxophilus	1545	6%
Robynson, Ralph	More's Utopia	1551	0%
Knox, John	The First Blast of the Trumpet	1558	0%
Ascham, Roger	The Scholmaster	1570	0.7%
Underdowne, Thomas	Heriodorus's Anaethiopean Historie	1587	2%
Greene, Robert	Groats-Worth of Witte; Repentance of Robert Greene; Blacke Bookes Messenger	1592	50%
Nashe, Thomas	Pierce Penilesse	1592	50%
Spenser, Edmund	A Veue of the Present State of Ireland	1596	18%
Meres, Francis	Poetric	1598	13%
Dekker, Thomas	The Wonderfull Yeare 1603	1603	84%
Dekker, Thomas	The Seuen Deadlie Sinns of London	1606	78%
Daniel, Samuel	The Defence of Ryme	1607	62%
Daniel, Samuel	The Collection of the History of England	1612--18	94%
Drummond of Hawlhornden, W.	A Cypress Grove	1623	7%
Donne, John	Devotions	1624	74%
Donne, John	Ivvenilia	1633	64%
Fuller, Thomas	A Historie of the Holy Warre	1638	0.4%
Jonson, Ben	The English Grammar	1640	20%
Milton, John	Areopagitica	1644	85%

新共同訳	主なる神は言われた。「人が独りでいるのは良くない。彼に合う助ける者を造ろう。」
NRSV	Then the LORD God said, "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper as his partner."
Good News Bible	Then the Lord God said, "It is not good for the man to live alone. I will make a suitable companion to help him."
Basic English	And the Lord God said, It is not good for the man to be by himself: I will make one like himself as a help to him
KJ	And the LORD God said, "It is not good that the man should be alone: I will make him an helpe meet for him."
Wycl	And the Lord God seide, "It is not good that a man be aloone, make we to hym an help lijk to hym silf."
OEH	God cwæð ēac swylce, "Nis nā gōd ðisum men āna tō wunigenne; uton wyrcean him sumne fultum tō his gelīcnysse."

新共同訳	主なる神は，野のあらゆる獣，空のあらゆる鳥を土で形づくり，人のところへ持って来て，人がそれぞれをどう呼ぶか見ておられた。人が呼ぶと，それはすべて，生き物の名となった。
NRSV	So out of the ground the LORD God formed every animal of the field and every bird of the air, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them; and whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name.
Good News Bible	So he took some soil from the ground and formed all the animals and all the birds. Then he brought them to the man to see what he would name them; and that is how they all got their names.
Basic English	And from the earth the Lord God made every beast of the field and every bird of the air, and took them to the man to see what names he would give them: and whatever name he gave to any living thing, that was its name.
KJ	And out of y^e ground the LORD God formed euery beast of the field, and euery foule of the aire; and brought them vnto Adam, to see what he would call them: and whatsoeuer Adam called euery liuing creature, that was the name thereof.
Wycl	Therfor whanne alle lyuynge beestis of erthe, and alle the volatils of heuene weren formed of erthe, the Lord God brouȝte tho to Adam, that he schulde se what he schulde clepe tho; for al thing that Adam clepide of lyuynge soule, thilke is the name therof.
OEH	God sōðlīce gelǣdde ðā nȳtenu, ðe hē of eorðan gescēop, and ðǣre lyfte fugelas tō Adame, ðæt hē forescēawode hū hē hī gecȳgde. Sōðlīce ǣlc libbende nȳten, swā swā Adam hit gecȳgde, swā is his nama.

新共同訳	人はあらゆる家畜，空の鳥，野のあらゆる獣に名を付けたが，自分に合う助ける者は見つけることができなかった。
NRSV	The man gave names to all cattle, and to the birds of the air, and to every animal of the field; but for the man there was not found a helper as his partner.
Good News Bible	So the man named all the birds and all the animals; but not one of them was a suitable companion to help him.
Basic English	And the man gave names to all cattle and to the birds of the air and to every beast of the field; but Adam had no one like himself as a help.
KJ	And Adam gaue names to all cattell, and to the foule of the aire, and to euery beast of the fielde: but for Adam there was not found an helpe meete for him.
Wycl	And Adam clepide bi her names alle lyuynge thingis, and alle volatils, and alle vnresonable beestis of erthe. Forsothe to Adam was not foundun an helpere lijk hym.
OEH	And Adam ðā genamode ealle nȳtenu heora naman, and ealle fugelas and ealle wildēor. Adam sōðlīce ne gemētte ðā gȳt nānne fultum his gelīcan.

新共同訳	主なる神はそこで，人を深い眠りに落とされた。人が眠り込むと，あばら骨の一部を抜き取り，その跡を肉でふさがれた。
NRSV	So the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; then he took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh.
Good News Bible	Then the Lord God made the man fall into a deep sleep, and while he was sleeping, he took out one of the man's ribs and closed up the flesh.
Basic English	And the Lord God sent a deep sleep on the man, and took one of the bones from his side while he was sleeping, joining up the flesh again in its place:
KJ	And the LORD God caused a deepe sleepe to fall vpon Adam, and hee slept; and he tooke one of his ribs, and closed vp the flesh in stead thereof.
Wycl	Therfore the Lord God sente sleep in to Adam, and whanne he slepte, God took oon of hise ribbis, and fillide fleisch for it.
OEH	Ðā sende God slǣp on Adam, and ðā ðā hē slēp, ðā genam hē ān rib of his sīdan, and gefylde mid flǣsce ðǣr ðæt rib wæs.

新共同訳	そして，人から抜き取ったあばら骨で女を造り上げられた。主なる神が彼女を人のところを連れて来られると，
NRSV	And the rib that the LORD God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man.
Good News Bible	He formed a woman out of the rib and brought her to him.
Basic English	And the bone which the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman, and took her to the man.
KJ	And the rib which the LORD God had taken from man, made hee a woman, & brought her vnto the man.
Wycl	And the Lord God bildide the rib which he hadde take fro Adam in to a womman, and brouȝte hir to Adam.
OEH	And geworhte ðæt rib, ðe hē genam of Adame, tō ānum wīfmen and gelǣdde hī tō Adame.

新共同訳	人は言った。「ついに，これこそわたしの骨の骨，わたしの肉の肉。これをこそ，女（イシャー）と呼ぼう，まさに，男（イシュ）から取られたものだから。」
NRSV	Then the man said, "This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; this one shall be called Woman, for out of Man this one was taken."
Good News Bible	Then the man said, "At last, here is one of my own kind---Bone taken from my bone, and flesh from my flesh. 'Woman' is her name because she was taken out of man."
Basic English	And the man said, This is now bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh: let her name be Woman because she was taken out of Man.
KJ	And Adam said, "This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shalbe called woman, because shee was taken out of man."
Wycl	And Adam seide, "This is now a boon of my boonys, and fleisch of my fleisch; this schal be clepid virago, for she is takun of man."
OEH	Adam ðā cwæð, "Ðis is nū bān of mīnum bānum and flǣsc of mīnum flǣsce; bēo hēo gecīged fǣmne, for ðan ðe hēo is of hyre were genumen."

新共同訳	こういうわけで，男は父母を離れて女と結ばれ，二人は一体となる。
NRSV	Therefore a man leaves his father and his mother and clings to his wife, and they become one flesh.
Good News Bible	That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united with his wife, and they become one.
Basic English	For this cause will a man go away from his father and his mother and be joined to his wife; and they will be one flesh.
KJ	Therefore shall a man leaue his father and his mother, and shall cleaue vnto his wife: and they shalbe one flesh.
Wycl	Wherfor a man schal forsake fadir and modir, and schal cleue to his wijf, and thei schulen be tweyne in o fleisch.
OEH	For ðan forlǣt se man fæder and mōdor, and geðēot hine tō his wīfe, and hī bēoð būta on ānum flǣsce.

British English				American English
	-S	-TH	Total		-S	-TH	Total
1500--1570	15 (3%)	446	461	-
1570--1640	101 (18%)	459	560	1620--1670	339 (51%)	322	661
1640--1710	445 (76%)	140	585	1670--1720	642 (82%)	138	780

新共同訳	人と妻は二人とも裸であったが，恥ずかしがりはしなかった。
NRSV	And the man and his wife were both naked, and were not ashamed.
Good News Bible	The man and the woman were both naked, but they were not embarrassed.
Basic English	And the man and his wife were without clothing, and they had no sense of shame.
KJ	And they were both naked, the man & his wife, and were not ashamed.
Wycl	Forsothe euer eithir was nakid, that is, Adam and his wijf, and thei weren not aschamed.
OEH	Hī wǣron ðā būta, Adam and his wīf, nacode and him ðæs ne sceamode.

bible - hellog～英語史ブログ

■ #2929. 「創世記」11:1--9 （「バベルの塔」）を7ヴァージョンで読み比べ [bible][popular_passage][hel_education][oe_text][basic_english][popular_passage]

■ #2928. 古英語で「創世記」11:1--9 （「バベルの塔」）を読む [oe_text][bible][tower_of_babel][origin_of_language][hel_education][popular_passage]

■ #2908. キリスト教主要9教派の名称の由来 [etymology][christianity][bible]

■ #2906. 古英語聖書より「種をまく人の寓話」 [oe][popular_passage][bible][literature][oe_text][hel_education]

■ #2895. 古英語聖書より「岩の上に家を建てる」 [oe][popular_passage][bible][literature][oe_text][hel_education][voicy]

■ #2738. Book of Common Prayer (1549) と King James Bible (1611) の画像 [bible][book_of_common_prayer][popular_passage][hel_education][bl][history][literature][link][emode][printing]

■ #2716. 原始・古代の暗号のあけぼの [cryptology][history][hieroglyph][grammatology][bible][hebrew]

■ #2597. Book of Common Prayer (1549) [bible][history][literature][book_of_common_prayer][idiom]

■ #2503. 中英語文学 [me][literature][chaucer][norman_conquest][romance][reestablishment_of_english][wycliffe][bible][langland][sggk][pearl][lydgate]

■ #2485. 文字と宗教 [writing][alphabet][religion][history][geolinguistics][geography][sociolinguistics][greek][christianity][bible]

■ #2458. 施光恒（著）『英語化は愚民化』と土着語化のすゝめ [review][linguistic_imperialism][hel][japanese][language_planning][language_myth][hel_education][elt][bible]

■ #2363. hapax legomenon [hapax_legomenon][terminology][lexicology][lexicography][word_formation][productivity][bible][zipfs_law][frequency][corpus][shakespeare][chaucer]

■ #2157. word pair の種類と効果 [binomial][french][loan_word][chaucer][ancrene_wisse][bible]

■ #2156. C16b--C17a の3単現の -th → -s の変化 [verb][conjugation][emode][language_change][suffix][inflection][3sp][lexical_diffusion][schedule_of_language_change][speed_of_change][bible]

■ #2141. 3単現の -th → -s の変化の概要 [verb][conjugation][emode][language_change][suffix][inflection][3sp][bible][shakespeare][schedule_of_language_change]

■ #2022. 言語変化における個人の影響 [neolinguistics][geolinguistics][dialectology][idiolect][chaucer][shakespeare][bible][literature][neolinguistics][language_change][causation]

■ #1952. 「陛下」と Your Majesty にみられる敬意 [honorific][title][address_term][politeness][euphemism][rhetoric][metonymy][personal_pronoun][bible][t/v_distinction]

■ #1870. 「創世記」2:18--25 を7ヴァージョンで読み比べ [bible][hel_education][basic_english]

Gen. 2:18

Gen. 2:19

Gen. 2:20

Gen. 2:21

Gen. 2:22

Gen. 2:23

Gen. 2:24

Gen. 2:25

■ #1855. アメリカ英語で先に進んでいた3単現の -th → -s [colonial_lag][ame_bre][verb][conjugation][bible][shakespeare][suffix][inflection][3sp][schedule_of_language_change][lexical_diffusion][speed_of_change]

■ #1848. 英訳聖書のウェブ・リソース [bible][link]