#3193. 古英語期の主要な出来事の年表

2018-01-23

　Algeo and Pyles (86--87) より，古英語期の主要な出来事の年表を示そう．

449 Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians began to occupy Great Britain, thus changing its major population to English speakers and separating the early English language from its Continental relatives.

597 Saint Augustine of Canterbury arrived in England to begin the conversion of the English by baptizing King Ethelbert of Kent, thus introducing the influence of the Latin language.

664 The Synod of Whitby aligned the English with Roman rather than Celtic Christianity, thus linking English culture with mainstream Europe.

730 The Venerable Bede produced his Ecclesiastical History of the English People, recording the early history of the English people

787 The Scandinavian invasion began with raids along the Northeast seacoast.

865 The Scandinavians occupied northeastern Britain and began a campaign to conquer all of England.

871 Alfred became king of Wessex and reigned until his death in 899, rallying the English against the Scandinavians, retaking the city of London, establishing the Danelaw, and securing the position of king of all England for himself and his successors.

991 Olaf Tryggvason invaded England, and the English were defeated at the Battle of Maldon.

1000 The manuscript of the Old English epic Beowulf was written about this time.

1016 Canute became king of England, establishing a Danish dynasty in Britain.

1042 The Danish dynasty ended with the death of King Hardicanute, and Edward the Confessor became king of England.

1066 Edward the Confessor died and was succeeded by Harold, last of the Anglo-Saxon kings, who died at the Battle of Hastings fighting against the invading army of William, duke of Normandy, who was crowned king of England on December 25.

　年代と出来事に加えて，簡単な解説が添えられているのがよい．しかも，歴史的意義に関する的確なコメントが散見される．例えば，449年の出来事は，しばしばブリテン島における英語の開始という象徴的な意味合いをもって紹介されるが，ここでは英語が他のゲルマン諸語から袂を分かったことを主眼におくコメントが加えられている．ここには，社会（言語学）的というよりは言語学的な側面により強い関心をもつ Algeo and Pyles の英語史記述の方針が現われているように思われる．
　664年のホイットビー会議の歴史的意義にも注目したい．先立つ597年にイングランド人がキリスト教化する種は蒔かれていたといえるかもしれないが，当時のイングランドでは，ローマのキリスト教とともにアイルランドから入ったケルト化したキリスト教が拡大する可能性があった．しかし，この会議によりイングランドにおいてローマのキリスト教が優勢となったことで，後のイングランド史も英語史も，ラテン語を始めとする大陸的なものに大きく影響されていくことになった．島国でありながらも大陸的な要素との接触を常に保ち続けたその後の歴史を考えると，この会議の歴史的意義がおのずと知られる．

　・ Algeo, John, and Thomas Pyles. The Origins and Development of the English Language. 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.

Referrer (Inside): [2022-05-05-1] [2019-11-02-1] [2019-10-25-1] [2019-09-19-1] [2018-02-04-1] [2018-01-30-1] [2018-01-27-1] [2018-01-26-1]

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449	Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians began to occupy Great Britain, thus changing its major population to English speakers and separating the early English language from its Continental relatives.
597	Saint Augustine of Canterbury arrived in England to begin the conversion of the English by baptizing King Ethelbert of Kent, thus introducing the influence of the Latin language.
664	The Synod of Whitby aligned the English with Roman rather than Celtic Christianity, thus linking English culture with mainstream Europe.
730	The Venerable Bede produced his Ecclesiastical History of the English People, recording the early history of the English people
787	The Scandinavian invasion began with raids along the Northeast seacoast.
865	The Scandinavians occupied northeastern Britain and began a campaign to conquer all of England.
871	Alfred became king of Wessex and reigned until his death in 899, rallying the English against the Scandinavians, retaking the city of London, establishing the Danelaw, and securing the position of king of all England for himself and his successors.
991	Olaf Tryggvason invaded England, and the English were defeated at the Battle of Maldon.
1000	The manuscript of the Old English epic Beowulf was written about this time.
1016	Canute became king of England, establishing a Danish dynasty in Britain.
1042	The Danish dynasty ended with the death of King Hardicanute, and Edward the Confessor became king of England.
1066	Edward the Confessor died and was succeeded by Harold, last of the Anglo-Saxon kings, who died at the Battle of Hastings fighting against the invading army of William, duke of Normandy, who was crowned king of England on December 25.

#3193. 古英語期の主要な出来事の年表[timeline][oe][christianity][synod_of_whitby][history][chronology][monarch]