「#3713. 機能語の強音と弱音」 ([2019-06-27-1]) でみたように,機能語には単音節で強形と弱形をもっているものが多い.各々がどのような場合に用いられるかは,主としてその統語的な役割に応じて決定される.具体的にいえば,単体で用いられるときや文末に起こるときには強形が,それ以外の場合には弱形が用いられるのが原則である.ここから,弱形が頻度として圧倒的に勝っていることがわかるだろう.典型的な用例を菅原 (121) から挙げよう.
単体 | 文末 | 文中 | |
---|---|---|---|
am | [æm] | Indeed I am [æm]. | I am [əm/m] leaving today. |
is | [ɪz] | I think she is [ɪz]. | The grass is [əz/z] wet. |
do | [duː] | You earn more than I do [duː]. | What do [də] they know? |
will | [wɪl] | No more than you will [wɪl]. | That will [wəl/wl̩/əl/l̩] do. |
can | [kæn] | But you can [kæn]. | George can [kən/kn̩] go. |
at | [æt] | Who're you looking at [æt]? | Look at [ət] that. |
for | [fɔr] | What did you do it for [fɔr]? | They did it for [fər/fr̩] fun. |
to | [tuː] | The one we are talking to [tuː]. | They're going to [tə] Spain. |
of | [ɑːv] | What are you thinking of [ɑːv]? | a lot of [əv/ə] apples |
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