「#4976. 「分離不定詞」事始め」 ([2022-12-11-1]),「#4977. 分離不定詞は14世紀からあるも増加したのは19世紀半ば」 ([2022-12-12-1]),「#4979. 不定詞の否定として to not do も歴史的にはあった」 ([2022-12-14-1]) の流れを受け,分離不定詞 (split_infinitive) について英語史上のおもしろい事実を1つ挙げたい.
分離不定詞を使用する罪深い人間は infinitive-splitter という呼称で指さされることを,先の記事 ([2022-12-11-1]) で確認した.OED が1927年にこの呼称の初出を記録している.infinitive-splitter という呼称が初めて現われるよりずっと前,5世紀も遡った時代に,英語史上の真の "infinitive-splitter" が存在した.ウェールズの神学者 Reginald Pecock (1395?--1460) である.
分離不定詞の事例は14世紀(あるいは13世紀?)より見出されるといわれるが,後にも先にも Pecock ほどの筋金入りの infinitive-splitter はいない.彼に先立つ Chaucer はほとんど使わなかったし,Layamon や Wyclif はもう少し多く使ったものの頻用したわけではない.後の Shakespeare や Kyd も不使用だったし,18世紀末にかけてようやく頻度が高まってきたという流れだ.中英語期から初期近代英語期にかけての時代に,Pecock は infinitive-splitter として燦然と輝いているのだ.しかし,なぜ彼が分離不定詞を多用したのかは分からない.Visser (II, § 977; p. 1036) も,次のように戸惑っている.
Quite apart, however, stands Reginald Pecock, who in his Reule (c 1443), Donet (c 1445), Repressor (c. 1449), Folewer (c 1454) and Book of Faith (c 1456) not only makes such an overwhelmingly frequent use of it that he surpasses in this respect all other authors writing after him, but also outdoes them in the boldness of his 'splitting'. For apart from such patterns as 'to ech dai make him ready', 'for to in some tyme, take', 'for to the better serve thee', which are extremely common in his prose, he repeatedly inserts between to and the infinitive adverbial adjuncts and even adverbial clauses of extraordinary length, e.g. Donet 31, 17, 'What is it for to lyue þankingly to god ...? Sone, it is forto at sum whiles, whanne oþire profitabler seruycis of god schulen not þerbi be lettid, and whanne a man in his semyng haþ nede to quyke him silf in þe seid lovis to god and to him silf and nameliche to moral desires (whiche y clepe here 'loves' or 'willingnis') vpon goodis to come and to be had, seie and be aknowe to god ... þat he haþ receyued benefte or benefetis of god.') . . .
It is not ascertainable what it was that brought Pecock, to this consistent deliberate and profuse use of the split infinitive, which in his predecessors and contemporaries only occurred occasionally, and more or less haphazardly. Neither can the fact be accounted for that he had no followers in this respect, although his works were widely read and studied.
上に挙げられている例文では,不定詞マーカーの forto と動詞原形 seie and be の間になんと57語が挟まれている.Pecock に史上最強の infinitive-splitter との称号を与えたい.
・ Visser, F. Th. An Historical Syntax of the English Language. 3 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1963--1973.
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