講座「歴史の動きと英語の変化」
朝日カルチャーセンター新宿教室 2017年9月16日
堀田 隆一
「hellog〜英語史ブログ」 url: http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta/hellog/
| ルネサンス | 宗教改革 | |
|---|---|---|
| 時系列 | 先 | 後 |
| 全般的性格 | 普遍的 | 個別的 |
| 地理 | 南欧的 | 北欧的 |
| 語派 | イタリック語派 | ゲルマン語派 |
| 尊重される言語 | 古典語（ラテン語，ギリシア語） | 自国語（英語） |
| 権力の基盤 | 教皇 | 国王 |
| 重視される信仰対象 | 贖宥状（免罪状），聖遺物，聖画像など | 聖書 |
| 文化 | 聖界文化，エリート文化 | 世俗文化，大衆文化 |
| 活版印刷術の利用 | 消極的 | 積極的 |
| 暦 | グレゴリウス暦 | ユリウス暦 |
And all the world was of one tonge and one language. And as they came from the east, they founde playne in the lande of Synear, and there they dwelled. And they sayd one to a nother: come on, let us make brycke and burne it wyth fyre. So brycke was there stone and slyme was there morter. And they sayd: Come on, let us buylde us cyte and a toure, that the toppe may reach unto heaven. And let us make us name, for peraventure we shall be scatered abrode over all the erth. And the LORde came downe to see the cyte and the toure which the children of Adam had buylded. And the LORde sayd: See, the people is one and have one tonge amonge them all. And thys have they begon to do, and wyll not leave of from all that they have purposed to do. Come on, let us descende and myngell theire tonge even there, that one understonde not what a nother sayeth. Thus the LORde skatered them from thence uppon all the erth. And they left of to buylde the cyte. Wherfore the name, of it is called Babell, because that the LORDE there confounded the tonge of all the world. And because that the LORde from thence, skatered them abrode uppon all the erth.
Al the whole erth was of one language and lyke speche. And it happened whan they wente furth from the east, they founde playne in the londe of Sinhar, and there they abode. And they sayd every one to his neyghboure: Come, let us prepare brycke, and burne them in the fyre. And they had brycke for stone, and slyme had they in steade of morter. And they sayde: Go to, let us buylde us citie and tower, whose toppe maye reach unto heaven: and let us make us name, lest haply we be scatred abrode in to the upper face of the whole erth. But the Lord came downe, to se the cytie and tower whych the chyldren of men buylded. And the Lorde sayde: Beholde, the people is one, and they have all one language, and thys they begynne to do, neyther wyll it be restrayned from them, whatsoever they have ymagined to do. Come on, let us go downe, and confounde theyr language, that every one perceave not hys neyghbours speche. And so the Lorde scatred them from that place into the upper face of all the erth. And they left of to buylde the cytie. And therfore is the name of it called Babel, because the Lorde dyd there confounde the language of ail the erth. And from thence dyd the Lorde scater them abrode upon the face of all the erth.
Then the whole earth was of one language and one speache. And as they went frome the Easte, they founde a plaine in the lande of Shinar, and there they abode. And they sayd one to an other, Come let us make brycke, and burne it in the fire. So they had brycke for stone, and slyme had they in steade of morter. Also they said, Go to, let us builde us citie and tower, whose toppe (may reache) unto the heaven, that we may get us name, lest we be scatred upon the whole earth. But the Lord came downe, to se the citie and tower, whiche the sonnes of men buylded. And the Lord said, Beholde, the people (is) one, and they all have one language, and this they begynne to do, nether can they now be stopped from whatsoever they have imagined to do. Come on, let us go downe, and there confounde their language, that everie one perceive not an others speache. So the Lord scattred them frome thence uppon all the earth, and they left of to buylde the citie. Therefore the name of it was called Babel, because the LORDE did there confounde the language of all the earth: from thence then did the LORDE scater them upon all the earth.
And all the whole earth was of one language, and like speach. And when they went forth from the East, they found plaine in the lande of Sinar, and there they abode. And one saide to another, Come, let us prepare bricke, and burne them in the fire. And they had bricke for stones, and slime had they in stead of morter. And they said, Go to, let us build us citie and tower, whose top may reach unto heaven, and let us make us name, lest peradventure we be scattered abroad upon the whole earth. But the Lord came downe to see the city and tower, which the children of men builded. And the Lord saide, Beholde, the people is one, and they have all one language: and this they begin to do, neither is there any let to them from all those things which they have imagined to doe. Come on, let us go downe, and there confound their language, that every one perceive not his neighbours speach. And so the Lord scattered them from that place upon all the earth: and they left off to build that citie. And therefore is the name of it called Babel, because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
And the earth was of one tongue, and al one speach. And when they removed from the east, they found a plaine in the land of Sennaar, and dwelt in it. And eech one said to his neighboure: Come, let Us make bricke, and bake them with fire. And they had bricke in steed of stone, and bitume in steed of morter: and they said: Come, let us make us citie and a towre, the toppe wherof may reach to heaven: and let us renowne our name before we be dispersed into al lands. And our Lord descended to see the citie and the towre, which the children of Adam builded, and he said: Behold, it is one people, and one tongue is to al: and they have begunne to doe this, neyther wil they leave of from their determinations, til they ac complish them indede. Come ye therfore, let us goe downe, and there confound their tongue, that none may heare is neighbours voice. And so our Lord dispersed them from that place into al lands, and they ceased to build the citie. And therfore the name therof was called Babel, because there the tongue of the whole earth was confounded: and from thence our Lord dispersed them upon the face of al countries.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to an other, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter. And they said, Go to, let us build us city and tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. Go to, let us go down, and there con found their language, that they may not understand one another's speech. So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed east, that they found plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to another, Come, -let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar. And they said, Come, let us build us city, and tower, whose top may reach unto heaven, and let us make us a name; lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. And Jehovah came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. And Jehovah said, Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is what they begin to do: and now nothing will be withholden from them, which they purpose to do. Come, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech. So Jehovah scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off building the city. Therefore was the name of it called Babel; because Jehovah did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did Jehovah scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.
Now the whole earth had one language and few words. And as men migrated from the east, they found plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly." And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves city, and tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth." And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men had built. And the LORD said, "Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another's speech." So the LORD scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth.
世界中は同じ言葉を使って，同じように話していた．東の方から移動してきた人々は，シンアルの地に平野を見つけ，そこに住み着いた．彼らは，「れんがを作り，それをよく焼こう」と話し合った．石の代わりにれんがを，しっくいの代わりにアスファルトを用いた．彼らは，「さあ，天まで届く塔のある町を建て，有名になろう．そして，全地に散らされることのないようにしよう」と言った．主は降って来て，人の子らが建てた，塔のあるこの町を見て，言われた．「彼らは一つの民で，皆一つの言葉を話しているから，このようなことをし始めたのだ．これでは，彼らが何を企てても，妨げることはできない．我々は降って行って，直ちに彼らの言葉を混乱させ，互いの言葉が聞き分けられぬようにしてしまおう．」主は彼らをそこから全地に散らされたので，彼らはこの町の建設をやめた．こういうわけで，この町の名はバベルと呼ばれた．主がそこで全地の言葉を混乱（バラル）させ，また，主がそこから彼らを全地に散らされたからである．
