#4763. 多くの世界英語変種にみられる非標準的な言語項目トップ11

2022-05-12

　「#4509. "angloversals" --- 世界英語にみられる「普遍的な」言語項目」 ([2021-08-31-1]) で "angloversals" という用語・概念に触れた．世界の英語変種を見渡すと，歴史的，地理的に直接の関係がなさそうな変種間に，よく似た言語項目（とりわけ非標準的な言語項目）が共通して観察されることがある．いずれも広い意味で「英語」の仲間なので，そういうこともあるだろうと思われるかもしれないが，項目のなかには9割以上の英語変種に確認されるという，ユニバーサルに近いものもある．これが angloversals と呼ばれるものだ．
　Kortmann は，世界の76の英語変種を調査し，多くの変種に共有されている angloversals のトップ11をはじき出した．いずれも標準的で規範的な文法としてはダメとされる形態統語的な項目である．Kortmann のランキング表 (639--40) を，見やすいように改変して以下に示す．左欄の "No." は調査上の整理番号，右欄の "AR" は "attestation rate" を指す．

No. Feature Absent in Total AR worldwide

F229 no inversion/no auxiliaries in main clause yes/no questions (You get the point?) North, SE, AppE, ChcE, NigE, TP 70 92%

F34 forms or phrases for the second person plural pronoun other than you (e.g. youse, yinz, y'all, you guys, yufela) O&SE, SE, TznE, UgE, HKE, FijiE, Saramaccan 69 91%

F221 adverbs other than degree modifiers have the same form as adjectives (Come quick!) PakE, SLkE, HKE, FijiE, BelC, Bislama, TP 69 91%

F7 me instead of I in coordinate subjects (me and my brother) FijiE, EMarC, Saramaccan, TorSC, PalmE, Bislama, Norf'k, TP 68 89%

F159 never as preverbal past tense negator (She never came this morning) O&SE, ChcE, JamE, UgE, NigE, IndE, SLkE, EMarC, Saramaccan, Sranan, RRC, Bislama, TP 63 83%

F154 multiple negation/negative concord (He won't do no harm) NigE, TznE, PakE, SLkE, MalE, FijiE, RRC, TP, Bislama, GhP, NigP 61 80%

F220 degree modifier adverbs have the same form as adjectives (This is real healthy) . . . 60 79%

F147 was for conditional were (if I was you) . . . 58 76%

F78 double comparatives and superlatives (That's so much more easier to follow) . . . 56 74%

F172 existential/presentational there's/there is/there was with plural subjects (There's three people in the garden) . . . 54 71%

F228 no inversion/no auxiliaries in wh-questions (What you doing?) . . . 54 71%

　とてもおもしろいランキング表である．第2位につけている youse や you guys がここまで広く世界英語変種にみられるとは思っていなかった．一方，多重否定，if I was you，2重比較級・最上級などは，さもありなんという感想だ．私自身も使ったことがあるものとないものとがあるが，全体として馴染み深い言語項目にみえることが興味深い．

　・ Kortmann, Bernd. "Global Variation in the Anglophone World." Chapter 29 of The Oxford Handbook of English Grammar. Ed. Bas Aarts, Jill Bowie and Gergana Popova. Oxford: OUP, 2020. 630--53.

No.	Feature	Absent in	Total	AR worldwide
F229	no inversion/no auxiliaries in main clause yes/no questions (You get the point?)	North, SE, AppE, ChcE, NigE, TP	70	92%
F34	forms or phrases for the second person plural pronoun other than you (e.g. youse, yinz, y'all, you guys, yufela)	O&SE, SE, TznE, UgE, HKE, FijiE, Saramaccan	69	91%
F221	adverbs other than degree modifiers have the same form as adjectives (Come quick!)	PakE, SLkE, HKE, FijiE, BelC, Bislama, TP	69	91%
F7	me instead of I in coordinate subjects (me and my brother)	FijiE, EMarC, Saramaccan, TorSC, PalmE, Bislama, Norf'k, TP	68	89%
F159	never as preverbal past tense negator (She never came this morning)	O&SE, ChcE, JamE, UgE, NigE, IndE, SLkE, EMarC, Saramaccan, Sranan, RRC, Bislama, TP	63	83%
F154	multiple negation/negative concord (He won't do no harm)	NigE, TznE, PakE, SLkE, MalE, FijiE, RRC, TP, Bislama, GhP, NigP	61	80%
F220	degree modifier adverbs have the same form as adjectives (This is real healthy)	. . .	60	79%
F147	was for conditional were (if I was you)	. . .	58	76%
F78	double comparatives and superlatives (That's so much more easier to follow)	. . .	56	74%
F172	existential/presentational there's/there is/there was with plural subjects (There's three people in the garden)	. . .	54	71%
F228	no inversion/no auxiliaries in wh-questions (What you doing?)	. . .	54	71%

Referrer (Inside): [2022-09-28-1]

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#4763. 多くの世界英語変種にみられる非標準的な言語項目トップ11[world_englishes][typology][variety]