『英語語源辞典』によると,印欧語比較言語学の成果により,1,000から2,000ほどの印欧語根が想定されている.そのおよそ半数が現代英語の語彙にも反映されているといわれるが,主に基本語彙として受け継がれているものを列挙しよう(寺澤,p. 1656;カッコは借用語を表わす).
身体 | arm, brow, ear, eye, foot, heart, knee, lip, nail, navel, tooth |
家族 | father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, nephew, widow |
?????? | beaver, cow, ewe, goat, goose, hare, hart, hound, mouse, sow, wolf; bee, wasp; louse, nit; crane, ern(e), raven, starling; fish, (lax) |
罎???? | alder, ash, asp(en), beech, birch, fir, hazel, tree, withy |
飲食物 | bean, mead, salt, water, (wine) |
天体・自然現象 | moon, star, sun; snow |
数詞 | one, two, ..., ten, hundred |
代名詞 | I, me, thou, ye, it, that, who, what |
動詞 | be, bear, come, do, eat, know, lie, murmur, ride, seek, sew, sing, stand, weave |
形容詞 | full, light, middle, naked, new, sweet, young |
その他 | acre, ax(e), furrow, month, name, night, summer, wheel, word, work, year, yoke |
身体 | bone, hand, toe |
穀物・食物 | berry, broth, knead, loaf, wheat |
動物 | bear, lamb, sheep, †hengest (G Hangst), roe, seal, weasel |
鳥類 | dove, hawk, hen, rave, stork |
海洋 | cliff, east, west, north, south, ebb, sail, sea, ship, steer, keel, haven, sound, strand, swim, net, tackle, stem |
戦争 | bow, helm, shield, sword, weapon |
絎???? | god, ghost, heaven, hell, holy, soul, weird, werewolf |
住居 | bed, bench, hall |
社会 | atheling, earl, king, knight, lord, lady, knave, wife, borough |
経済 | buy, ware, worth |
その他 | winter, rain, ground steel, tin |
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