昨日の記事「#3040. 古英語から中英語にかけて用いられた「休止」を表わす句読記号」 ([2017-08-23-1]) に引き続き,句読記号 (punctuation) の話題.<;> (semicolon) は,「#2666. 初期近代英語の不安定な句読法」 ([2016-08-14-1]) で触れたように,16世紀後半になってようやく用いられるようになった新参者である.その後,句読記号を多用する "heavy style" 好みの18世紀にはおおいに活躍したが,現代にかけて衰退してきている.近現代にほける semicolon の盛衰に関して,Crystal (207) の文章が興味深い.
It's often been reported that the semicolon is going out of fashion, and the evidence (from the study of large collections of written material) does support a steady drop in frequency during the twentieth century. (They're much more common in British English than American English.) A typical finding is to see that 90 per cent of all punctuation marks are either periods or commas, and semicolons are just a couple of percent. The figure was much higher once. The semicolon had its peak in the eighteenth century, when long sentences were thought to be a feature of an elegant style, heavy punctuation was in vogue, and punctuation was becoming increasingly grammatical. The rot set in during the nineteenth century, when the colon became popular, and took over some of the semicolon's functions. The economics of the telegraph (the shorter the message, the cheaper) fostered short sentences. And today it has virtually disappeared from styles where sentences tend to be short, such as on the Internet.
最近の日本でも,Twitter などの影響で,単純な思考を短文で書くことしかできず,まとまった思考を長文で書くことができない人が増えているというコメントが聞かれるが,それと連動して文章を書くスタイルや用いられる句読記号の種類や頻度も変化するというのは確かにありそうである.semicolon という,ある意味で中途半端な句読記号の盛衰を追うことによって,むしろ各々の時代の文章スタイルの特徴が浮き彫りになるというのはおもしろい.今後,semicolon は限定されたテキストタイプでしかお目にかからないレアな句読記号になっていく可能性もありそうだ.
・ Crystal, David. Making a Point: The Pernickety Story of English Punctuation. London: Profile Books, 2015.
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