古典的なアメリカ英語史を著した Krapp は,アメリカ英語の発音の性質がアメリカ人の気質に帰せられるとする種々の俗説をばっさりと切り捨てている.アメリカ英語の特質を生み出した要因は最終的にはどこかに求められるはずだとは認めつつも,茫洋として判明できないのだから,前段階からの継承 ( inheritance ),すなわちイギリス英語からの遺産とみなすのが歴史家として賢明な態度ではないかという.歴史における「なぜ」を追究する causation の議論において,最終的な原因を突き止めることは難しいが,知りうる限りの文献学的証拠からもっともありそうな継承の仮説を立てて記述しようとする科学的な態度が透徹している.
Especially in speech covering short chronological periods, as is the case in comparing British and American speech, one may more hopefully look to inheritance than to ultimate causes in seeking to account for the traits which present themselves. Inheritance obviously will not explain everything, since what is inherited must ultimately have had a determining cause, must have had an origin; but if one cannot discover ultimate origins, the historia, at least, can content himself with transmissions. (Vol. 2, 22--23)
If one did not fear to affirm a universal positive, one might say that in every case the distinctive features of American pronunciation have been but survivals from older usages with were, and in some instances still are, to be found in some dialect or other of the speech of England. (Vol. 2, 28)
The student who would explain American speech as derived from British speech has an inexhaustible store of variations to draw upon, and it is only when the probabilities in all directions have been exhausted that one may turn to the theory of independent and original development of speech sounds in America. (Vol. 2, 29)
全体として Krapp は,アメリカ英語をイギリス英語の延長線上に位置づけており,アメリカ語 ( the American language ) を認めない立場である.この点,もう一つのアメリカ英語史の古典 The American Language を著した Mencken とは態度が異なる.
・Krapp, George Philip. English Language in America. 2 vols. New York: Century, 1925.
・Mencken, H. L. The American Language. Abridged ed. New York: Knopf, 1963. 194.
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