標題について,「#1304. アメリカ英語の「保守性」」 ([2012-11-21-1]),「#2926. アメリカとアメリカ英語の「保守性」」 ([2017-05-01-1]) をはじめ,colonial_lag や ame_bre の各記事で様々に論じてきた.私自身の書いたまとまった記述としては,本ブログ記事以外に,「#2916. 連載第4回「イギリス英語の autumn とアメリカ英語の fall --- 複線的思考のすすめ」」 ([2017-04-21-1]) でも同種の問題について論じている.
英語の英米差については,英語史研究者による様々なコメントがあるが,英語史の概説書の古典 Algeo and Pyles (205) の所見を紹介したい.英米差の評価として,事実に即しており,的確かつ妥当な見解だと思う.
On the whole . . . American English is essentially a conservative development of the seventeenth-century English that is also the ancestor of present-day British. Except in vocabulary, there are probably few significant characteristics of New World English that are not traceable to the British Isles. There are also some American English characteristics that were doubtless derived from British regional dialects in the seventeenth century, for there were certainly speakers of such dialects among the earliest settlers, though they would seem to have had little influence.
The majority of those English men and women to settle permanently in the New World were not illiterate bumpkins but ambitious and industrious members of the upper-lower and lower-middle classes, with a sprinkling of the well-educated---clergymen and lawyers---and even a few younger sons of the aristocracy. It is likely that there was a cultured nucleus in all of the early American communities. Such facts as these explain why American English resembles present standard British English more closely than it resembles any other British type of speech. The differences between the two national varieties are many but not of great importance.
この引用文では,イギリス(標準)英語とアメリカ英語のあいだに言語学的および歴史社会言語学的な連続性があることが明瞭に述べられている.アメリカ英語について,イギリス(標準)英語からの連続性を強調することは,その保守性を主張することにはなろう.このスタンス自体がある種の言語イデオロギー (linguistic_ideology) である可能性をを認めつつ,私もこの立場を取りたい.
・ Algeo, John, and Thomas Pyles. The Origins and Development of the English Language. 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.
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