古英語の強変化動詞は伝統的に7類に区分される.Mitchell and Robinson (37, 40) の表や,その前後の説明を参照して,まとめの表を2種類作ってみた.まずは大雑把な区分の表で,代表的な動詞を取り上げて活用主要形 (principal parts) を示したもの.
Class | Inf. | 1st Pret. | 2nd Pret. | Past Ptc. |
---|---|---|---|---|
I | scīnan 'shine' | scān | scinon | scinen |
II | crēopan 'creep' | crēap | crupon | cropen |
brūcan 'enjoy' | brēac | brucon | brocen | |
III | breġdan 'pull' | bræġd | brugdon | brogden |
IV | beran 'bear' | bær | bǣron | boren |
V | tredan 'tread' | træd | trǣdon | treden |
VI | faran 'go' | fōr | fōron | faren |
VII | (a) healdan 'hold' | hēold | hēoldon | healden |
(b) hātan | hēt | hēton | hāten |
Class | Example | Consonant Structure | Inf. | 1st Pret. | 2nd Pret. | Past Ptc. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | scīnan | ī + one cons. | ī | ā | i | i |
II | crēopan | ēo + one cons. | ēo | ēa | u | o |
brūcan | ū + one cons. | ū | ēa | u | o | |
III | breġdan | e + two cons. | e | æ | u | o |
weorpan | eo + r + cons. | eo | ea | u | o | |
feohtan | eo + h + cons. | eo | ea | u | o | |
helpan | e + l + cons. | e | ea | u | o | |
ġieldan | palatal + ie + 2 cons. | ie | ea | u | o | |
drincan | i + nasal + cons. | i | a | u | u | |
IV | beran | e + one cons. (usu. a liquid) | e | æ | ǣ | o |
V | tredan | e + one cons. (usu. an obstruent) | e | æ | ǣ | e |
VI | faran | a + one cons. | a | ō | ō | a |
VII | healdan | V1 | ēo | ēo | V1 | |
hātan | V2 | ē | ē | V2 |
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