[2009-12-26-1], [2009-12-25-1]で phonaesthesia と考えられる例をいくつか紹介したが,他にも該当するとおぼしき例は,身近なところに多数ある.特に語頭や語末に現れる特定の音の連続が,特定の connotation と結びついていると考えられる例である.以下は,Bloomfield (245) より抜き出したものである.
root-forming morphemes | signification | word examples |
---|---|---|
[fl-] | "moving light" | flash, flare, flame, flick-er, flimm-er |
[fl-] | "movement in air" | fly, flap, flit (flutt-er) |
[gl-] | "unmoving light" | glow, glare, gloat, gloom (gleam, loam-ing, glimm-er), glint |
[sl-] | "smoothly wet" | slime, slush, slop, slobb-er, slip, slide |
[kr-] | "noisy impact" | crash, crack (creak), crunch |
[skr-] | "grating impact or sound" | scratch, scrape, scream |
[sn-] | "breath-noise" | sniff (snuff), snore, snort, snot |
[sn-] | "quick separation or movement" | snap (snip), snatch (snitch) |
[sn-] | "creep" | snake, snail, sneak, snoop |
[dʒ] | "up-and-down movement" | jump, jounce, jig (jog, jugg-le), jangle (jingle) |
[b-] | "dull impact" | bang, bash, bounce, biff, bump, bat |
[-æʃ] | "violent movement" | bash, clash, crash, dash, flash, gash, mash, gnash, slash, splash |
[-ɛə] | "big light or noise" | blare, flare, glare, stare |
[-aʊns] | "quick movement" | bounce, jounce, pounce, trounce |
[-im] mostly with determinative [-ə] | "small light or noise" | dim, flimmer, glimmer, simmer, shimmer |
[-ʌmp] | "clumsy" | bump, clump, chump, dump, frump, hump, lump, rump, stump, slump, thump |
[-æt] with determinative [-ə] | "particled movement" | batter, clatter, chatter, spatter, shatter, scatter, rattle, prattle |
. . . in these [English symbolic words] we can distinguish, with varying degrees of clearness, and with doubtful cases on the border-line, a system of initial and final root-forming morphemes, of vague signification.
Bloomfield のような構造主義言語学者にとって,形態素を音素へ分解しようとする過程に現れる phonaesthesia は,形態素とも音素ともつかない中途半端な存在に映ったかもしれない.だが,主に「語頭」や「語末」に起こるという語の内部における分布を指摘し,歴とした構造 ( system ) なのだと力強く説いているあたり,実に構造主義言語学らしい論じ方だと感心する.
・Bloomfield, Leonard. Language. Rev. ed. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1935. 245.
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