Burridge and Bergs が,言語変化論の書籍の最後で,Kuryłovicz を引用しながら,言語変化 (language_change) をめぐる印象的な比喩 (metaphor) を紹介している.すぐれた比喩なので,その部分を引用したい.
10.5 WHERE TO FROM HERE?
As we have emphasized throughout this book, change schemas . . . do not follow prescribed courses determined by exceptionless laws or principles, but it is possible to talk about preferred pathways of change --- those "gutters" that channel language change, to use that image famously invoked by Kuryłovicz (1945). Referring specifically to analogical change, Kuryłovicz likened these developments to episodes of rain. While we may not be able to predict when it will rain, or even if it will, once the rain has fallen, we know the direction the water will flow because of gutters, drainpipes and spouting. An important goal of historical linguistics is thus to gain a clearer picture of these "gutters of change", in other words, to refine our notions of natural and unnatural change . . . . (272)
雨樋でも雨水溝でも排水路でもよいのだが,これらは雨水の流れる道筋を決める.言語変化にもまた流れやすい道筋があり,それを突き止めるのが歴史言語学の重要な目的なのだという.雨と同様に言語変化がいつ起こるかは分からない.また,ときには通常の道筋から外れることもあるだろう.しかし,言語変化の雨樋を探るのが言語変化論者の仕事であると.
言語(変化)に関する様々な比喩については,「#4540. 概念メタファー「言語は人間である」」 ([2021-10-01-1]) とそこに挙げたリンク先を参照.
・ Burridge, Kate and Alexander Bergs. Understanding Language Change. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017.
・ Kuryłovicz, Jerzy. "La nature des procès dits 'analogiques'." Acta Linguistica 5 (1945): 15--37.
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