先日の記事「#6118. salmon の l はなぜ発音されないのですか? --- mond の質問」 ([2026-01-26-1]) で,salmon の発音と綴字の関係について取り上げた.この単語は英米両変種ともに /ˈsæmən/ と発音され,l が黙字となるのもさることながら,残された母音が /æ/ であることも不思議である.
Carney (249) によると,「#5924. could の <l> は発音されたか? --- Carney にみられる「伝統的な」見解」 ([2025-07-16-1]) で引用した1段落の後に,次のような段落が続く.
The string <al> is found as a spelling of /ɑː/ (half, calm, etc.) and of /ɔː/ (talk, walk, etc.) in some very common words. It is also a nonce spelling of /æ/ in salmon. The <l> in palm can only be considered an inert representation of /l/ (as both 'part of hand' and 'tree'): cf. palmary, palmic, palmiferous.
引用に挙げられている half やその他 calf なども,米音としては /hæf/, /kæf/ となり salmon と平行的だが,英音としては /hɑːf/, /kɑːf/ となる.salmon は英米ともに /æ/ を示す点でユニークな例ということになる.
salmon の /æ/ の由来については議論があり,中英語の短母音 ă から発したと考えられれば素直なのだが,長母音 [a:] の可能性も完全には否定できないようだ.MED の見出しでは,実際 sāmŏun が第1の綴字として掲げられている.Dobson (Vol. 2, §62) に次のようにある.
Salmon (ME sa(w)mon, &c.), which retains [æ] in PresE, has ME ă in Coles (who gives the 'phonetic spelling' sam-mun) followed by Young; so probably Strong, whose spelling is samon (but this may perhaps mean ME ā). It is not clear what Cooper's pronunciation was; he includes the word in a list of those which have silent l and fails to mark it with a dagger (thereby showing that it has not got [ɒ:] < ME au), but it is not certain that it has ME ă (as is probable) rather than [a:] < ME au (which is the probable pronunciation of the other words which are left unmarked). WSC-RS includes salmon in a list of words in which al is pronounced au, but this list is merely an unintelligent copy of Cooper's and it is doubtful whether we should assume from it that salmon had [ɒ:].
・ Carney, Edward. A Survey of English Spelling. Abingdon: Routledge, 1994.
・ Dobson, E. J. English Pronunciation 1500--1700. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Oxford: OUP, 1968.
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