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#6026. OED にみる1人称代名詞 I の異形[personal_pronoun][spelling][variation][oed][dialect][punctuation][through][orthography]

2025-10-26

 本ブログでは,英語史における綴字の多様性について折に触れて取り上げてきた.特に「#53. 後期中英語期の through の綴りは515通り」 ([2009-06-20-1]),「#5738. 516番目の through を見つけました」 ([2025-01-11-1]) で取り上げた through の例は,現代の標準化された正書法に慣れた私たちにとって衝撃的ですらある.
 さて,今回は through に勝るとも劣らないであろう,身近な単語の歴史的異形の多さをご紹介したい.1人称単数主格代名詞の I である.現代英語ではアルファベット1文字で表わされるこの代名詞が,歴史上,あるいは方言において,どれほど豊かな姿を見せてきたことか.OEDI (PRONOUN & NOUN2) の項目に掲載されている variant forms のセクションの1部を覗いてみることにしよう.
 以下に,時代や地域を考慮せずに集められた I の異形を一覧で示す.その圧倒的な数に驚かれるかもしれない.

α.
(a)
Old English

ich (Northumbrian), ih (Northumbrian)

Old English--early Middle English

ig (rare)

Old English--Middle English

ic

late Old English--early Middle English

hic, icc

late Old English--Middle English

yc

early Middle English

Hic, Hit (transmission error), hyc, Ic, Icc, ick (northern), Iic, Ik (east midlands and northern), it (transmission error), yg

Middle English

ik (chiefly east midlands and northern), ike (east midlands and northern), yk

(b) Scottish
pre-1700 Scottish

ic, ik

β.
(a)
Old English--Middle English; 1900s-- (nonstandard)

i

early Middle English

Hi, hi, Hy, ij, yi, yj

early Middle English--1500s

y

early Middle English--

I

Middle English

a (Yorkshire and Norfolk), e, hij, hy, j, Y

1700s--

a (regional)

1800s--

ah (regional), oi (regional)

(b) U.S. regional (chiefly south Midland and southern)
1800s--

ah, uh

1900s--

Ah, Hi, Oy, oy, u

(c) English regional
1700s--

a (chiefly northern and north midlands)

1800s

ai (Devon), au (northern and north midlands), aye (Yorkshire), ee (northern), eh (Lancashire), eigh (Yorkshire), ha (Yorkshire), O (Yorkshire)

1800s--

Aa (northern), aa (northern), Ah (northern and north midlands), ah (northern and north midlands), aw (northern and north midlands), hah (Yorkshire), Oi, oi

1900s--

A (chiefly northern and north midlands), hi (Worcestershire)

(d) Scottish
pre-1700

i, y

pre-1700; 1800s--

a, I

1800s--

Aw, aw

1900s--

A, Aa, Ah, ah, Eh (Dundee), eh (Dundee), ey (Dundee)

(e) Also Irish English
1800s

a' (northern)

1800s--

a (northern), Oi (southern), oi (southern)

1900s--

A (northern), Ah (northern), ah (northern)

(f) Also Australian
1900s--

Oi, O'i, oi

γ.
(a)
late Old English--1600s

ich

early Middle English

ch (probably transmission error), Hich, hich, icche, ichc, ichs, icht, ics, Ih, ih, Ihc, ihc, ihic (probably transmission error), iho (transmission error), Iich, iich, yh

early Middle English--1500s

ych

Middle English

Ich, jch, yche

Middle English--1500s

iche

(b) English regional (south-western)
1700s--1800s

ich

1800s

iche (Somerset), ichy (Dorset), ish (Devon), uch, utch, utchy (Somerset)

(c) Irish English (Wexford)
1800s

ich

δ.
(a)
early Middle English

his, is

(b) English regional (south-western)
1700s

ees (Devon), es, Iss (Devon)

1700s--1800s

ise, us (Somerset)

1800s

Ice (Somerset), is (Cornwall), ize

ε. Chiefly English regional (south-western)
1500s

chee

1500s--1700s

che



 しめて以下の98種類の綴字が得られた:A, a, a', Aa, aa, ah, Ah, ai, au, aw, Aw, aye, ch, che, chee, e, ee, ees, eh, Eh, eigh, es, ey, ha, hah, hi, Hi, Hic, hic, Hich, hich, hij, his, Hit, hy, Hy, hyc, i, I, ic, Ic, icc, Icc, icche, Ice, Ich, ich, ichc, iche, ichs, icht, ichy, ick, ics, ig, Ih, ih, Ihc, ihc, ihic, iho, Iic, Iich, iich, ij, ik, Ik, ike, is, ise, ish, Iss, it, ize, j, jch, O, O'i, Oi, oi, Oy, oy, u, uch, uh, us, utch, utchy, y, Y, yc, ych, yche, yg, yh, yi, yj, yk
 なお,OED では,この一覧の直前に次の但し書きがついている."(Capitalization in Middle English examples frequently reflects the editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.)"
 写本における実際の大文字・小文字の使い分けまで考慮に入れれば,異形の数はさらに増えるだろう.先に触れた through の516通りには及ばないかもしれないが,それでも,たった1つの機能語が示してきた多様性に驚きを禁じ得ない.人称代名詞 (personal_pronoun) のような基本語ですら,いや基本語だからこそ,その歴史は豊かである.

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