[2012-09-03-1]の記事「#1225. フランス借用語の分布の特異性」で言及した Lutz の論文に,標題の語彙交替を示す表が挙げられていた.古英語で用いられていた本来語の法律用語が,中英語以降(現代英語へ続く)に対応するフランス借用語語により置きかえられたという例である.網羅的ではないが,一瞥するだけで置換の様子がよく分かる表である.以下に再現しよう (149) .
OE | ModE | |
dōm | -- | judgment |
dōmærn †, dōmhūs | -- | court-house |
dōmlic † | -- | judicial |
dēma †, dēmere † | -- | judge |
dēman | -- | to judge |
fordēman | -- | to condemn |
fordēmend | -- | accuser |
betihtlian † | -- | to accuse, charge |
gebodian †, gemeldian † | -- | to denounce, inform |
andsacian †, onsecgan † | -- | to renounce, abjure |
gefriþian † | -- | to afford sanctuary |
mānswaru †, āþbryce † | -- | perjury |
mānswara † | -- | perjurer |
mānswerian † | -- | to perjure oneself |
(ge)scyld †, scyldignes † | -- | guilt |
scyldig † | -- | guilty, liable |
scyldlēas | -- | guiltless |
āþ | > | oath |
þēof | > | thief |
þeofþ | > | theft |
morþ, morþor + OF murdre | > | murder |
. . . the particularly large share of French in the basic vocabulary of Modern Standard English cannot be attributed to its cultural appeal alone but results from forced linguistic contact exerted by the speakers of the language of a conquering power on that of the conquered population. Ordinary borrowing, guided by the wish to acquire new things and concepts and, together with them, the appropriate foreign terms, could not have led to such an extreme effect on the basic vocabulary of the recipient language.
関連して,「#1209. 1250年を境とするフランス借用語の区分」 ([2012-08-18-1]) や「#1210. 中英語のフランス借用語の一覧」 ([2012-08-19-1]) を参照.また,法律におけるフランス語について,「#336. Law French」 ([2010-03-29-1]) と「#433. Law French と英国王の大紋章」 ([2010-07-04-1]) も参照.
・ Lutz, Angelika. "When did English Begin?" Sounds, Words, Texts and Change. Ed. Teresa Fanego, Belén Méndez-Naya, and Elena Seoane. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2002. 145--71.
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