ある言語変種が言語なのか方言なのかという問題は，（社会）言語学の古くて新しい問題である．本ブログでも language_or_dialect の各記事で議論してきた．昨日取り上げた「#6215. Scots と Scottish English の区別について」 ([2026-05-03-1]) についていえば，1つめの Scots が，とりわけこの問題と関わってくる．Scots は English とは異なる1つの言語とみなすべきなのか，あるいは English の1方言なのか．
　ここには言語学的な考慮以上に，社会的な要素，とりわけ政治的な要素が関わる．昨日引用した McClure (23--24) は，続く段落でこの問題に触れつつ，同時に柔らかく回避している．以下，じっくり読んでいただきたい．

Uniquely among Old English-derived speech forms other than standard literary English, Scots has a claim to be regarded as a distinct language rather than a dialect, or latterly a group of dialects, of English. This claim has been, and continues to be, the subject of serious, reasoned and at times heated debate, at both popular and scholarly level . . . : a debate which embraces historical, political, social and literary as well as linguistic issues and has important implications in the field of education. However, it is beyond the scope of the present chapter, for the purposes of which it is sufficient to note that Scots, being descended from Old English and sharing in the general history of West Germanic speech in the British Isles, is appropriately considered as part of 'English' in the purely linguistic sense of the term. That Scottish English, as opposed to Scots, is a form of English is of course non-controversial. The distinction between Scots and Scottish English, which though not always clear in practice is soundly based on historical facts, should be borne in mind throughout the chapter.

　Scots が "purely linguistic" な観点からは English の仲間だというのは適切だ，と述べられている．しかし，裏を返せば，"historical, political, social and literary" な観点からは重要な論点であり続けている，ということだろう．

　・ McClure, J. Derrick. "English in Scotland." The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 5. Ed. Burchfield R. Cambridge: CUP, 1994. 23--93.

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