2019年度　夏期スクーリング　英語学　（2019年8月19日～24日）
堀田 隆一
hellog～英語史ブログ: http://user.keio.ac.jp/~rhotta

第5回　形態論・統語論 (§§27–28, 36–40)

1. 語とは何か (§37) (##910,911,912,921,922)
2. 自由形態素 (free morpheme) と拘束形態素 (bound morpheme) — 各種の用語 (#700)
   • “cranberry” morpheme (#554)
   • combining form (#522)
3. 屈折形態論 (inflectional morphology)
   • 形態素 (morpheme) と異形態 (allomorph)
   • 過去（分詞）形態素 {-ed}
4. 派生形態論 (derivational morphology)
   • 接辞添加 — 接頭辞 (prefix) と接尾辞 (suffix) (#1478)
     • クラス I 接辞とクラス II 接辞 (#3720)
   • 複合 (#924, #2652)
   • ゼロ派生 or 品詞転換 (#190, #264)
   • 逆成 (#107, 108)
   • 縮約 (##893, 894)
5. 階層構造 (hierarchical structure or tree diagram) (§39, p. 252)

第6回　談話構造 (§§41–42)

1. 談話 (discourse) における coherence と cohesion (§41)
   • conjunctive relations
   • coreference
   • substitution
   • ellipsis
   • repeated forms
   • lexical relationships
   • comparison
2. 「おしゃべり」の言語学 (##1996, 1633, 1644)
3. turn-taking
4. adjacency pair (§42) (#1648)

5. 協調の原理 (#1122)

1. The co-operative principle

   Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the state at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.

2. The maxims of conversation

   Quality: Try to make your contribution one that is true.
   1. Do not say what you believe to be false.
   2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
   Quantity:
   1. make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange).
   2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.

   Relation: Be relevant.

   Manner: Be perspicuous.
   1. Avoid obscurity of expression.
   2. Avoid ambiguity.
   3. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).
   4. Be orderly.