There are two modes of shorthand in hel typist. One is "normal mode," for common miscellaneous characters and punctuations associated with Old English, Middle English, Modern French, and Modern German.
Some escape character sequences are also defined since some characters in "normal mode" need to be typed with common punctuations such as an apostrophe and a full stop. All the escape character sequences begin with a space, followed by a punctuation.
The other mode available is "IPA mode," for a common subset of IPA in special reference to Modern English phonology. This mode is "on" only within an IPA environment, that is a string of text surrounded either by [[ ]] or by // //.
A readable passage like:
In Old English, the characters <þ> and <ð> correspond either to /θ/ or to /ð/ according to their phonetic environments: /θ/ where the consonant is both preceded and followed by voiced sounds; /ð/ otherwise. Thus the noun <sūþ> or <sūð> "south" is pronounced /suːθ/, while the adjective <sūþern> or <sūðern> "southern" is pronounced /ˈsuːðern/. This distribution of voicing is reflected on the PDE equivalents <south> /səʊθ/ and <southern> /ˈsʌðɚn/.can be obtained by typing:
In Old English, the characters <t#> and <d#> correspond either to //T// or to //D// according to their phonetic environments: //T// where the consonant is both preceded and followed by voiced sounds; //D// otherwise . Thus the noun <su_t#> or <su_d#> "south " is pronounced //su:T//, while the adjective <su_t#ern> or <su_d#ern> "southern " is pronounced //'su:Dern// . This distribution of voicing is reflected on the PDE equivalents <south> //s@UT// and <southern> //'s2D8n// .Another example is a Modern French passage like:
La linguistique est l'étude scientifique du langage humain.This can be obtained by typing:
Une étude est dite scientifique lorsqu'elle se fonde sur l'observation des fait et s'abstient de proposer un choix parmi ces faits au nom de certains principes esthétiques ou moraux. «Scientifique» s'oppose donc à «prescriptif». Dans le cas de la linguistique, il est particulièrement important d'insister sur le caractère scientifique et non prescriptif de l'étude : l'objet de cette science étant une activité humaine, la tentation est grande de quitter le domaine de l'observation impartiale pour recommander un certain comportement, de ne plus noter ce qu'on dit réellement, mais d'édicter ce qu'il faut dire. La difficulté qu'il y a à dégager la linguistique scientifique de la grammaire normative rappelle celle qúil y a à dégager de la morale une véritable science des mœurs.
La linguistique est l 'e'tude scientifique du langage humain .
Une e'tude est dite scientifique lorsqu 'elle se fonde sur l 'observation des fait et s 'abstient de proposer un choix parmi ces faits au nom de certains principes esthe'tiques ou moraux . <<Scientifique>> s 'oppose donc a` <<prescriptif>> . Dans le cas de la linguistique, il est particulie`rement important d 'insister sur le caracte`re scientifique et non prescriptif de l 'e'tude : l 'objet de cette science e'tant une activite' humaine, la tentation est grande de quitter le domaine de l 'observation impartiale pour recommander un certain comportement, de ne plus noter ce qu 'on dit re'ellement, mais d 'e'dicter ce qu 'il faut dire . La difficulte' qu 'il y a a` de'gager la linguistique scientifique de la grammaire normative rappelle celle qu'il y a a` de'gager de la morale une ve'ritable science des mo#urs .
Shorthand | Character | Entity | Description |
---|---|---|---|
'' | ” | ” | Right double quotation mark |
''' | ’ | ’ | Right single quotation mark |
<< | « | « | Angle quotation mark (left) |
>> | » | » | Angle quotation mark (right) |
A" | Ä | Ä | Latin capital letter with umlaut |
A# | Æ | Æ | Latin capital letter ae |
A#' | Ǽ | Ǽ | Latin capital letter ae with acute |
A#_ | Ǣ | Ǣ | Latin capital letter ae with macron |
A' | Á | Á | Latin capital letter a with acute |
A. | Å | Å | Latin capital letter with ring |
A^ | Â | Â | Latin capital letter with circumflex |
A_ | Ā | Ā | Latin capital letter a with macron |
A` | À | À | Latin capital letter a with grave |
A~ | Ã | Ã | Latin capital letter with tilde |
C# | Ç | Ç | Latin capital letter c with cedilla |
C. | Ċ | Ċ | Latin capital letter c with dot above |
D# | Ð | Ð | Latin capital letter eth |
E" | Ë | Ë | Latin capital letter e with umlaut |
E' | É | É | Latin capital letter e with acute |
E^ | Ê | Ê | Latin capital letter e with circumflex |
E_ | Ē | Ē | Latin capital letter e with macron |
E` | È | È | Latin capital letter e with grave |
G# | Ȝ | Ȝ | Latin capital letter yogh |
G. | Ġ | Ġ | Latin capital letter c with dot above |
I" | Ï | Ï | Latin capital letter i with umlaut |
I' | Í | Í | Latin capital letter i with acute |
I^ | Î | Î | Latin capital letter i with circumflex |
I_ | Ī | Ī | Latin capital letter i with macron |
I` | Ì | Ì | Latin capital letter i with grave |
N~ | Ñ | Ñ | Latin capital letter n with tilde |
O" | Ö | Ö | Latin capital letter o with umlaut |
O# | Œ | Œ | Latin Latin capital letter oe |
O' | Ó | Ó | Latin capital letter o with acute |
O/ | Ø | Ø | Latin capital letter o with slash |
O^ | Ô | Ô | Latin capital letter o with circumflex |
O_ | Ō | Ō | Latin capital letter o with macron |
O` | Ò | Ò | Latin capital letter o with grave |
O~ | Õ | Õ | Latin capital letter o with tilde |
S# | ß | ß | Latin small letter sharp s |
T# | Þ | Þ | Latin capital letter thorn |
U" | Ü | Ü | Latin capital letter u with umlaut |
U' | Ú | Ú | Latin capital letter u with acute |
U^ | Û | Û | Latin capital letter u with circumflex |
U_ | Ū | Ū | Latin capital letter u with macron |
U` | Ù | Ù | Latin capital letter u with grave |
W# | Ƿ | Ƿ | Latin capital letter wynn |
Y' | Ý | Ý | Latin capital letter y with acute |
Y_ | Ȳ | Ȳ | Latin capital letter y with macron |
`` | “ | “ | Left double quotation mark |
``` | ‘ | ‘ | Left single quotation mark |
a" | ä | ä | Latin small letter a with umlaut |
a# | æ | æ | Latin small letter ae |
a#' | ǽ | ǽ | Latin small letter ae with acute |
a#_ | ǣ | ǣ | Latin small letter ae with macron |
a' | á | á | Latin small letter a with acute |
a. | å | å | Latin small letter a with ring |
a^ | â | â | Latin small letter a with circumflex |
a_ | ā | ā | Latin small letter a with macron |
a` | à | à | Latin small letter a with grave |
a~ | ã | ã | Latin small letter a with tilde |
c# | ç | ç | Latin small letter c with cedilla |
c. | ċ | ċ | Latin small letter c with dot above |
d# | ð | ð | Latin small letter eth |
e" | ë | ë | Latin small letter e with umlaut |
e' | é | é | Latin small letter e with acute |
e^ | ê | ê | Latin small letter e with circumflex |
e_ | ē | ē | Latin small letter e with macron |
e` | è | è | Latin small letter e with grave |
g# | ȝ | ȝ | Latin small letter yogh |
g. | ġ | ġ | Latin small letter c with dot above |
i" | ï | ï | Latin small letter i with umlaut |
i' | í | í | Latin small letter i with acute |
i^ | î | î | Latin small letter i with circumflex |
i_ | ī | ī | Latin small letter i with macron |
i` | ì | ì | Latin small letter i with grave |
n~ | ñ | ñ | Latin small letter n with tilde |
o" | ö | ö | Latin small letter o with umlaut |
o# | œ | œ | Latin Latin small letter oe |
o' | ó | ó | Latin small letter o with acute |
o/ | ø | ø | Latin small letter o with slash |
o^ | ô | ô | Latin small letter o with circumflex |
o_ | ō | ō | Latin small letter o with macron |
o` | ò | ò | Latin small letter o with grave |
o~ | õ | õ | Latin small letter o with tilde |
t# | þ | þ | Latin small letter thorn |
u" | ü | ü | Latin small letter u with umlaut |
u' | ú | ú | Latin small letter u with acute |
u^ | û | û | Latin small letter u with circumflex |
u_ | ū | ū | Latin small letter u with macron |
u` | ù | ù | Latin small letter u with grave |
w# | ƿ | ƿ | Latin small letter wynn |
y" | ÿ | ÿ | Latin small letter y with umlaut |
y' | ý | ý | Latin small letter y with acute |
y_ | ȳ | ȳ | Latin small letter y with macron |
Shorthand | Character | Entity | Description |
---|---|---|---|
(one space plus) " | " | " | Quotation mark |
(one space plus) # | # | # | Number sign |
(one space plus) ' | ' | ' | Apostrophe |
(one space plus) / | / | / | Solidus |
(one space plus) . | . | . | Full stop |
(one space plus) ^ | ^ | ^ | Circumflex accent |
(one space plus) _ | _ | _ | Low line |
(one space plus) ` | ` | ` | Grave accent |
(one space plus) ~ | ~ | ~ | Tilde |
Shorthand | Character | Entity | Description |
---|---|---|---|
' | ˈ | ˈ | Modifier letter vertical line (primary stress) |
0 | ø | ø | Latin small letter o with slash |
2 | ʌ | ʌ | Latin small letter turned v |
3 | ʒ | ʒ | Latin small letter ezh |
4 | œ | œ | Latin small letter oe |
6 | ɒ | ɒ | Latin small letter turned alpha |
8 | ɚ | ɚ | Latin small letter schwa with hook |
9 | ɑ | ɑ | Latin small letter alpha |
: | ː | ː | Modifier letter triangular colon |
@ | ə | ə | Latin small letter schwa |
A | æ | æ | Latin small letter ae |
B | β | β | Greek small letter beta |
C | ʧ | ʧ | Latin small letter tesh digraph |
D | ð | ð | Latin small letter eth |
E | ɛ | ɛ | Latin small letter open e |
F | ɸ | ɸ | Latin small letter phi |
G | ʤ | ʤ | Latin small letter dezh digraph |
I | ɪ | ɪ | Latin small capital letter i |
K | ɦ | ɦ | Latin small letter h with hook |
M | ɲ | ɲ | Latin small letter n with left hook |
N | ŋ | ŋ | Latin small letter eng |
O | ɔ | ɔ | Latin small letter open o |
R | ɾ | ɾ | Latin small letter r with fishhook |
S | ʃ | ʃ | Latin small letter esh |
T | θ | θ | Greek small letter theta |
U | ʊ | ʊ | Latin small letter upsilon |
X | ɣ | ɣ | Latin small letter gamma |
Y | ʏ | ʏ | Latin small capital letter y |
Z | ʦ | ʦ | Latin small letter ts digraph |
? | ʕ | ʕ | Latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative |
` | ˌ | ˌ | Modifier letter low vertical line (secondary stress) |