Christianity in Japanese History
Class Schedule 2015-2016

Room and time: 515, Tuesdays, 16:30-18:00

Instructor's name: Helen Ballhatchet
Office hours: Ask for an appointment, either during the class, or by mail.
For an outline of the course, click here. For information about the the report (and the presentation), click here.

Note about class preparation:
1. I will expect you to spend a minimum of two hours and a maximum of three hours per week preparing for each class.
2. The preparation involves reading three types of material (and thinking about what you have read):
a) Reading passages for each class that you can download if you access the class support page for this class on the education support system. Most of the reading passages are 'primary material' in the sense that they were originally written by people directly involved in the development of Christianity in Japan (for example, as missionaries or as Japanese who became Christians). If you read these materials with care, you will be able to see what was happening through the eyes of these people. Take notes about anything you wish to ask about or discuss. If there is a Japanese-language version of the readings, this will also be mentioned. (You will also be able to download the text pages of the Power Point slides for each lecture from here. The final version of these slides should be available from about 21:00 on the Monday before the lecture.)
b) Background information on the reading passages. Click here for background information about the readings for weeks 2 to 6, and here for week 7 onwards. You should probably read b) before a).
c)There is additional reading for each class. You should read this if you have time, especially if you are thinking of writing your paper on something related to that particular topic. Read this material quickly, just so that you can grasp the main points. If you have difficulty in obtaining any of the additional reading material, please contact me.
3. Although I would like to provide time for class discussions, there is normally not enough time. If you wish to discuss something, however, I am always open to the idea of continuing the class after the bell has rung, perhaps at a different location.

Please ask me for additional recommendations for reading in both English and Japanese. If you wish to read books in other languages, I will also try to help...

Class 1
9/29		 Orientation and overview: Religion and history
Class 2
10/06		 The view from the present: Religion in Japan and images of Christianity
Readings:
Swyngedouw, Jan, 'Religion in Contemporary Japanese Society', The Japan Foundation Newsletter xiii, no. 4 (Jan. 1986).
Kadowaki, J.K., Zen and the Bible: A Priest's Experience, chapter 11 ( London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980).
Additional readings:
Reid, David, New wine: The cultural shaping of Japanese Christianity, chapter 1 (Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1991). (my copy)
Swanson, Paul L. and Chilson, Clark (ed.), Nanzan guide to Japanese religions, (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2005).
Class 3
10/13		 From Xavier to Hideyoshi (1549-1598): (1) The background and the initial encounter
Readings:
Extracts from Schurhammer, Georg, Francis Xavier: His life, his times, 2, India, 1541-1545 and 4, Japan and China, 1549-1552, trans. M. Joseph Costelloe, (Rome: The Jesuit Historical Institute, 1977).
Additional readings:
McManners, John (ed.), The Oxford illustrated history of Christianity, pp.301-319,. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Class 4
10/20		 From Xavier to Hideyoshi (1549-1598): (2) Missionary approaches to the Japanese
Readings:
Extracts from a) de Bary, Wm. Theodore, Gluck, Carol and Tiedemann, Arthur, comp., Sources of Japanese tradition, 2nd ed., Vol. 2, 1600 to 2000 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), and b) Schutte, Josef Franz, Valignano's Mission principles for Japan, 1, From his appointment as visitor until his first departure from Japan (1573-1582), part 2: The Solution (1580-1582), trans. John J. Coyne (St Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1985).
Additional readings:
Boxer, C. R., The Christian Century in Japan, 1549-1650, at least chapter 2, parts 1 and 2 (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1951).
Cooper, Michael, Rodrigues, the interpreter: an early Jesuit in Japan and China, at least chapter 8 (New York: Weatherhill, 1974).
Elison, George, Deus destroyed: The image of Christianity in early modern Japan, at least chapters 2 and 3 (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1973).
Moran, J. F. The Japanese and the Jesuits: Alessandro Valignano in sixteenth-century Japan, at least chapters 6 and 12 (London: Routledge, 1993).
Class 5
10/27		 From Xavier to Hideyoshi (1549-1598): (3) Japanese approaches to Christianity

Readings:
Cooper, Michael (ed.), They came to Japan: An anthology of European reports on Japan, 1543-1640, chapter 21 (London: Thames and Hudson, 1965).
Extracts from a) Elison, George, Deus destroyed: The image of Christianity in early modern Japan (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1973), and b)de Bary, Wm. Theodore, Gluck, Carol and Tiedemann, Arthur, comp., Sources of Japanese tradition, 2nd ed., Vol. 2, 1600 to 2000 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005).
Higashibaba, Ikuo, Christianity in Early Modern Japan: Kirishitan Beliefs and Practices, Appendices I and II (Leiden: Brill, 2001).
Additional readings:
Boxer, C. R, The Christian Century in Japan, 1549-1650, chapter 3, parts 1 and 2; chapter 4 (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1951).
Elisonas, Jurgis, 'Christianity and the daimyo', in John Whitney Hall (ed.), The Cambridge History of Japan, 4, Early Modern Japan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
Higashibaba, Ikuo, Christianity in Early Modern Japan: Kirishitan Beliefs and Practices, at least chapters 2, 3 and 4 (Leiden: Brill, 2001). my book
Class 6
11/03		 Tokugawa Japan (1600-1867): (1) Government policies towards Christianity
Readings:
Extracts from a) de Bary, Wm. Theodore, Gluck, Carol and Tiedemann, Arthur, comp., Sources of Japanese tradition, 2nd ed., Vol. 2, 1600 to 2000 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005)., b)Anesaki, Masaharu, "Writings on martyrdom in Kirishitan literature", Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 44 (1931), and c) Elison, George, Deus destroyed: The image of Christianity in early modern Japan (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1973).
Additional readings:
Boxer, C. R, The Christian Century in Japan, 1549-1650, chapters 7 and 8 (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1951).
Elison, George, Deus destroyed: The image of Christianity in early modern Japan (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1973).
Nosco, Peter, 'Keeping the faith: bakuhan policy towards religions in seventeenth-century Japan', in P. F. Kornicki and I. J. McMullen., (eds), Religion in Japan: Arrows to heaven and earth (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996).
Class 7
11/10		 Tokugawa Japan (1600-1867): (2) Christianity underground
Readings:
Extract from Cary, Otis, A History of Christianity in Japan, 1, Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Missions (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1909).
Extract from The beginning of heaven and earth: The sacred book of Japan's hidden Christian,. trans. Christal Whelan (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1996).
Additional readings:
The beginning of heaven and earth: The sacred book of Japan's hidden Christians, at least the introduction, transl. Christal Whelan (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1996).
Turnbull, Stephen, The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A study of their development, beliefs and rituals to the present day, at least chapters 2, 6 and 7 (Richmond, Surrey: Japan Library, 1998).
Class 8
11/17		 Early Meiji Japan (1868-1888): Christianity and Western civilization
Readings:
Extracts from Cary, Otis, A history of Christianity in Japan, 1, Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox missions and.2, Protestant missions (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1909).
Extracts from Furuki, Yoshiko et al. (eds), The attic letters: Ume Tsuda's correspondence to her American mother (New York: Weatherhill, 1991).
Extract from Kozaki, Hiromichi, Reminiscences of seventy years: The autobiography of a Japanese pastor, trans. Nariaki Kozaki (Tokyo: Kyo Bun Kwan, 1929).
Extract from Notehelfer, F. G., American Samurai: Captain L.L.Janes and Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
Additional readings:
Mullins, Mark R., ed. Handbook of Christianity in Japan, chapter 3 (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
Ballhatchet, Kenneth and Helen, 'Christianity since 1800: Asia', in John McManners (ed.), The Oxford illustrated history of Christianity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990).
Marty, Martin, 'Christianity since 1800: North America', pp. 384-412 only, in John McManners (ed.), The Oxford illustrated history of Christianity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990).
Notehelfer, F. G., American Samurai: Captain L.L.Janes and Japan, at least chapter 9 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
Class 9
12/01		 From mid-Meiji to the end of World War II (1889-1945): (1) Christianity and the dilemma of patriotism
Readings:
Extract from Kozaki, Hiromichi, Reminiscences of seventy years: The autobiography of a Japanese pastor, trans. Nariaki Kozaki (Tokyo: Kyo Bun Kwan, 1929).
Extract from Nitobe, Inazo, Lectures on Japan: An outline of the development of the Japanese people and their culture (Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1936).
Nitobe, Inazo, 'Japanese colonization', Asian review, 4, 16 (Jan. 1920).
Extract from Nitobe, Inazo,Thoughts and essays (Tokyo: Teibi Publishing, 1909).
Extracts from The complete works of Kanzo Uchimura, 5, Essays and Editorials 1, 1886-June, 1897 (Tokyo: Kyobunkwan, 1972).
Letter from Uchimura Kanzo to Bell, March 6, 1891, in Uchimura Kanzo zenshu, 36 (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1983).
Extracts from Yashiro, James Takashi, (ed.), 'Fascinated by Japan: War-time memoirs of Leonora Edith Lea', Momoyama Gakuin Daigaku Kirisutokyo ronshu, 10 (March 1974).
Additional readings:
Mullins, Mark R. (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan, chapters 4 and 12, (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
Nobuya, Bamba and Howes, J.F. (eds.) Pacifism in Japan: The Christian Socialist Tradition, at least chapters 4, 7 and 8 (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1978).
Class 10
12/08		 From mid-Meiji to the end of World War II (1889-1945) : (2) Christianity in a Japanese context
Readings:
Extract from Nitobe, Inazo, Bushido, the soul of Japan: An exposition of Japanese thought (Philadelphia: Leeds & Biddle, 1900).
Extract from Kinoshita, Naoe, Pillar of Fire, trans. Kenneth Strong (London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1972).
Extract from Shimazaki, Toson, The broken commandment, trans. Kenneth Strong (Tokyo: The Japan Foundation: 1974).
Extracts from The complete works of Kanzo Uchimura, 1, How I became a Christian: Out of my diary and 5, Essays and Editorials 1, 1886-June, 1897 (Tokyo: Kyobunkwan, 1971-1972).
Further extracts from Uchimura Kanzo zenshu.
Additional readings:
Mullins, Mark R. (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan, chapters 6, 7, 11 and 14 (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
Williams, Mark, 'From out of the depths: The Japanese literary response to Christianity', mainly pp. 167-172, in John Breen, John and Mark Williams (eds.), Japan and Christianity: Impacts and Responses (Houndsmill, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996).
Class 11
12/15		 The second half of the twentieth century: (1) Christianity and Japanese democracy
Readings:
Extract from Nagai Takashi, The bells of Nagasaki, trans. William Johnston (Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1984).
Various internet printouts of statements of war responsibility by Japanese churches etc.
Additional readings:
Mullins, Mark R. (ed.), Handbook of Christianity in Japan, chapter 17 (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
Kumazawa, Yoshinobu and Swain, David. L. (eds). Christianity in Japan, 1971-1990, chapters 5 and 15 (Tokyo: Kyo Bun Kwan. 1991).
Class 12
12/22		 The second half of the twentieth century: (2) Christianity in a Japanese context
Readings:
Extract from Endo Shusaku, Silence, trans. William Johnston (Tokyo: Sophia University, 1969).
Extract from Tanabe, George J., Jr. (ed.) Religions of Japan in Practice (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1999)
Additional readings:
 Mullins, Mark, Christianity Made in Japan: A Study of Indigenous Movements, mainly chapters 7-9 (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1998).
Williams, Mark, 'From out of the depths: The Japanese literary response to Christianity', mainly pp. 156 -166, in John Breen, John and Mark Williams (eds.), Japan and Christianity: Impacts and Responses (Houndsmill, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996). Davis, Winston, Japanese religion and society: Paradigms of structure and change, chapter 3 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992).
Class 13
01/12
 Religion and history revisited

Discussion of the course, and of essay topics
Class 14
01/19
Student presentations (with questions and answers)
(Depending on the number of students, we may need to arrange an extra class.)